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National Transportation Safety Board Knowledge Base
Why does the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) call the voice recorder in a aircraft..? the block box. When its orange? ok my question was why do they call it a black box or voice recoreder when it orange. Yes i know why its orange because they can find in wreckage easily.So why is it called a black box?
how will i get a job in NTSB(national transportation safety board)? i have now completed 12th(science).
The National Transportation Safety Board's findings? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged that they had for the past five years covertly funded a project with US auto makers whereby the auto makers installed black boxes in four wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 44 of the 50 states that the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, Shit!" Only the states of West Virginia, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, and Tennessee were different, where over 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this."
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Report? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the US auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black box voice recorders in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 44 of the 50 states the recorded last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, S-H-I-T!" Only the states of Oklahoma, Tennessee, Arkansas, Alabama and Texas were different. There, 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this."
Jokin' with SmileyCat : ) Ready? National Transportation Safety Board? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had "covertly" funded a project with the U.S. automakers for the past 5 years, whereby the automakers were installing black-box voice recorders in 4-wheel drive pickup trucks and SUV's in an effort to determine in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. Their findings were surprising: In 38 of the 50 states, the recorded last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh Shit!" (crap)! But that wasn't the surprising part. In the the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, things were much different. There, 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer, I'm gonna try somethin'." Did yah chuckle? What state are you chucklin' from Best comment gets the big points! SmileyCat : )
Why is he US national Transportation Safety Board also investigating lat Thursday's emergency landing? I mean this happend on UK soil not in the US so it really hasn't got anything to do with the US National Transportation Safety Board investigation we already know this had nothing to do with terrorism it was a massive power failure on both engines. So why do the US authorities have to get involved when this crash had nothing to do with the US no US citizen were abord the plane and the crash landing did not happen on US soil. ID such a crash landing happened on US soil they wouldn't want the UK's imput would they. Jerry I got the information regarding the NTSB via AP. As to the passenger manifesto I just assumed that all the passengers were British flying from China to the UK I don't know if there were any other nationalities aboard BA 28 on Thursday. Sorry BA38 not 28.
What is the magnitude of the average force that acts on the car during the impact? The National Transportation Safety Board is testing the crashworthiness of a new car. The 2200 kg vehicle, moving at 13 m/s, is allowed to collide with a bridge abutment, which stops it in 0.43 s. What is the magnitude of the average force that acts on the car during the impact?
What opportunities are there for women in Aviation? This is a serious question so I will only consider serious answers. I would like to ask what studies and work positions are there to work in the industry excluding this options: Commercial Pilot Aeronautical engineer Air traffic controller For instance, does someone need to be an engineer of the aviation field to become an air safety investigator? What have people who work in the National Transportation Safety Board studied? Please, only answer if you're well-informed on the subject. Thank you very much.
NTSB Most wanted safety improvements. Is FAA too slow to implement NTSB's recommendations? Are pax at risk? Washington, D.C. - The National Transportation Safety Board said today that the government should be doing more to prevent accidents and enhance safety for the traveling public. The Board updated its list of Most Wanted Safety Improvements, noting instances where federal agencies had given unacceptable responses to NTSB recommendations or were moving too slowly to implement recommended safety measures. Two items were removed from the list, one because action on it is almost completed, and the other because the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) refused to adopt the recommended safety enhancement. Established in 1990, the Most Wanted list is a way for the NTSB to focus attention on needed safety improvements in all modes of transportation. The list highlights recommendations that the Board believes would significantly reduce deaths and injuries. "Our recommendations are derived from the hard lessons we have learned over the years investigating many tragic accidents," said NTSB Chairman Ellen Engleman Conners. "Quite simply, implementing these measures will save lives." Aviation: In aviation, the Board reviewed the status of recommendations in six issue areas -- Runway incursions - The Board's recommendation calls for a system that ensures safe movement of airplanes on the ground and provides warnings of probable collisions/incursions directly to flight crews in the cockpit. To illustrate the potential dangers of a runway incursion, the Board viewed a simulation, prepared by NTSB staff, of a near-collision at Los Angeles last August involving two large airliners, a B- 747 and a B-737. This incident was not reported by air traffic control officials as an operational error. "The fact that such incidents are not being reported casts doubt on the FAA's claims that the runway incursion rate is declining," Chairman Engleman Conners said. "The FAA needs to review its reporting process." Status: The Board changed the classification of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) response to this recommendation from "Open- Acceptable Response" to "Open-Unacceptable Response." Fuel/Air Vapors in Fuel Tanks - Recommendations call for interim measures to reduce flammable fuel/air vapors in fuel tanks and, longer term, airplane design changes to eliminate the generation of such vapors. Status: Due to the lack of FAA initiatives on interim measures, the Board decided to reclassify the short-term recommendation from "Open- Acceptable Response" to "Open-Unacceptable Response." On the longer-term recommendation, the Board found the FAA's response acceptable. The Board is anticipating that the FAA will begin the regulatory process to require a flammability reduction system in the near future. Overall, the Board noted that implementation was progressing too slowly. Aircraft Icing - To reduce the dangers of flying in icing conditions, NTSB recommendations call for expedited research and upgraded airplane design and certification standards. Status: Noting that the oldest icing recommendations on the list date back eight years, the Board changed the classification of this issue from "Open-Acceptable Response," but progressing slowly, to "Open-Unacceptable Response" based on the FAA's lack of progress in this area. Audio, Data and Video Recorders - Recommendations specify at least two hours of audio recording capability, back-up power sources, and a requirement for video recorders in the cockpit to give investigators more information to solve complex accidents. Status: The Board noted some progress by the FAA on a few recommendations in this issue area but retained the overall classification of "Open-Unacceptable Response." Child Restraints - Recommendation asks for a requirement that infants and toddlers under age two be safely restrained on takeoff, landing and in turbulence. Status: Unacceptable response from FAA.
Okay who stole the engines of the plane that "crashed" into the Hudson River? AP - Federal investigators said both engines of the US Airways jetliner that ditched into the Hudson River were missing Friday as reports emerged that the pilot who safely landed the aircraft had considered an emergency landing at two airports. Police divers were using sonar to find the engines. Kitty Higgins of the National Transportation Safety Board said both apparently came off after hitting the water Thursday.
What force, assumed constant, acted on the car during impact? The National Transportation Safety Board is testing the crashworthiness of a new car. The 2.02e3 kg vehicle, moving at 10.4 m/s, is allowed to collide with a bridge abutment, being brought to rest in a time of 0.511 s. What force, assumed constant, acted on the car during impact? _____ N Impulse and Momentum http://www.webassign.net/
The other day the plane that Barack Obama was on had some mechanical difficulties and was forced to land.? "The other day the plane that Barack Obama was on had some mechanical difficulties and was forced to land. Well, the National Transportation Safety Board did an inspection on the plane, and you know what they found? The bolts on the plane were fine, but apparently Jesse Jackson had taken some of the nuts off." What do you think?
Why didn't this new story make the news? Engine shutdown caused Northwest collision By David Kaminski-Morrow US investigators have concluded that a Northwest Airlines crew's decision to shut down the left engine on a taxiing McDonnell Douglas DC-9, leaving it with no hydraulic pressure after the right-side system had failed, resulted in its colliding with an Airbus A319 at Minneapolis. The DC-9 (N763NC) had suffered a valve fracture that caused the loss of right-side hydraulic pressure, a situation that the crew noticed as the aircraft climbed out of Columbus on a domestic service to Northwest's Minneapolis/St Paul hub on 10 May 2005. While the pilots carried out in-flight procedures to deal with a loss of right-side pressure, the captain became increasingly convinced, later in the flight, that the apparent pressure loss was a false indication. This view was reinforced by the normal lowering of the landing gear. Emergency teams at Minneapolis were nevertheless put on standby as the aircraft approached. © Cyprus Cambata The Northwest Airlines DC-9 collided with an Airbus A319 on pushback The DC-9 touched down safely on runway 22 and the landing roll appeared to be normal, with brakes and reverse-thrust operating, and the aircraft exited the runway to taxi to gate G7. Just over 5min after touchdown the flight recorders detected the shutting down of the aircraft's left-hand Pratt & Whitney JT8D engine - a technique employed to save fuel during ground manoeuvring - although the National Transportation Safety Board says the captain "did not recall" doing so. The first officer later stated that he did not know that the engine had been stopped and that the captain had not mentioned it. Upon nearing the gate the crew discovered they were suddenly unable to steer or brake the DC-9, and they activated the thrust reversers, which also stopped functioning within a short time and the aircraft began rolling forward. The aircraft was travelling at around 14kt (25km/h) when it struck the wing of a Northwest A319 (N368NB) on pushback from gate G10. Both aircraft were subsequently evacuated, with eight occupants injured among the total of 145 on board the two. The DC-9 was transporting 94 passengers, the A319 had 39 on board.
Brazil Accident September 29, 2006, can someone tell me what the series of events according to the document? This is the document "National Transportation Safety Board" http://www.ntsb.gov/Recs/letters/2007/A07_35_37.pdf I have read the article very carefully I am not entirely sure what the main parts are. I am require to create a time line documenting what happened. Thank you all the best
Do U think Mexican Interior Minister & Attorney General; Mouriño & Vasconcelos were attacked by terrorists? A Narco-Communist-Terrorist attack against Mexico! The two black boxes have been recovered and are being analyzed by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board at the request of the Mexican government, a good indication that the analysis and investigation will be handled competently, though results may take a few weeks. These two individuals were an integral part of both the political and the tactical fronts of Mexico’s fight against drugs in the Caribbean area, where terrorists and narco-communists are operating and spreading terror in northern Mexico. http://narcosphere.narconews.com/notebook/kristin-bricker/2008/11/mexican-interior-minister-juan-camilo-mouri%C3%B1o-and-top-drug-prosecut
Why does the British Prime Minister travel on public commercial jets when on vacation? According to this story, Tony Blair & family were on a British Airways flight to Miami, along with ~300 other people. Doesn't the British PM use the equivalent of Air Force One for his travels? http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/12/27/blair.plane/index.html "MIAMI, Florida (CNN) -- The National Transportation Safety Board on Wednesday said it was investigating what led a British Airways Boeing 747 with British Prime Minister Tony Blair and his family on board to taxi beyond the runway at Miami International Airport. None of the 343 people onboard was injured in the landing scare on Runway 30, which occurred at 6:15 p.m. ET Tuesday, and the passengers disembarked normally."
What is the point of this agency? The National Transportation Safety Board has no authority to implement the recommendations they give. If they have no authority, what is the point of having them? If they can only ask politely that older planes and unsafe trains be taken out of service, why do we continue funding them? Why do we have an agency, that investigates our safety in travel, that has no power? What is the point? http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090625/ap_on_go_ot/us_ignored_warnings
Impluse and momentum change? The National Transportation Safety Board is testing the crash-worthiness of a new car. The 2300 kg vehicle, moving at 15 m/s, is allowed to collide with a bridge abutment, which stops it in 0.56 s. What is the magnitude of the average force that acts on the car during the impact? Can you explain your answers?
A question about law for class. Law people HELP!? I am working on a media law problem and here is my question. A woman is trying to sue for libel and she wants documents from the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board, and the Congressional Budget Office to help in her law suit. She is trying to prove that air traffic controllers were at fault for a plane crash. Can she obtain documents from these agencies? Can she obtain any or all through the FOIA?
should conorde still be grounded? Should Concorde still be grounded? Afterall it was only a freak accident, i mean how often would u find a piece of metal on the runway? And even if you do they are sure to follow the reccomendations made by the National Transportation Safety Board. All thoughts are welcome and anyone know why it is grounded, then add that too please
FAA, NTSB, and ICAO in accident investigation? Explain the accident investigation roles of each of the following agencies: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
did u hear about the accident in HUNTSVILLE, Ala.??? The bus went to the side, and I guess it went over," she said. "When it was falling ... I was just glad when it hit the ground." It struck the ground nose-first, about 30 feet below the I-565 overpass. Two teenage girls died in the wreckage; a third died later at a hospital. "They were falling on each other. People were screaming, yelling, crying," said Jefferson, 16, who suffered fractures to her left arm and cuts and bruises to her face. More than 30 Lee High School students and the bus driver were taken to Huntsville Hospital, which became a hectic trauma center Monday with emergency physicians and staff called in to help as ambulances brought in the severely injured. Five people, including the bus driver, had undergone surgery, a hospital spokeswoman said. Police said the bus, taking students to classes at a downtown tech center, swerved on the overpass, plowed through a concrete barrier and plunged to the street below. Police Chief Rex Reynolds said an orange Toyota Celica driven by another Lee High student apparently came close to or struck the bus, causing it to swerve. He declined to say whether charges would be filed. Students on the bus, which was not equipped with seat belts, were screaming when rescue workers arrived. "They were thrown all over the bus," said Huntsville Fire Chief Dusty Underwood. Some had to be extracted from the crumpled front of the bus, he said. School Bus Safety The police chief identified the high school students who died at the scene as Christina Collier, 18, and Nicole Ford, 17. A third, Tanesha Hill, 17, died at the hospital from her injuries, Huntsville Hospital CEO David Spillers said. Some parents were called to the scene by wailing children on cell phones. Many were angered that police held them back or had no information. At the hospital, some collapsed in tears amid more confusion. Hospital officials said the horror of the wreck was compounded by the inability of hospital staff to identify some of the more severely injured students who were unable to talk and had no identification on them. The police chief said the driver and a passenger in the Celica went to a hospital following the crash, but he was not aware if they were treated for injuries. He said the driver was interviewed by police. The bus driver was in critical condition, said Brooke Thorington, a spokeswoman for the state Department of Education. "This is a heartbreaking tragedy," said Gov. Bob Riley in a statement in Montgomery. The National Transportation Safety Board, which was to investigate the wreck, has said that school buses are designed to protect occupants without the use of seat belts. A new design uses strong, well-padded, high-backed seats, closely spaced together, the NTSB has said. However, NTSB board member Debbie Hersman said at a news conference Monday night that the board last week added school bus safety to its list of most wanted transportation safety improvements. She said the board is recommending that new standards be devised to improve safety when buses are involved in rollover crashes.
With gas being the #1 way to heat your home shouldn't we be more concerned with the condition of the gas lines? San Bruno Gas Explosion and Investigation Eight people were killed when a natural gas pipeline exploded in the San Francisco suburb of San Bruno on Sept. 9, 2010. The explosion shot a geyser of flames into the air, triggering a major fire and leaving a large crater in the ground. Some 37 homes were destroyed. The disaster exposed a state and federal regulatory system of gas pipelines that did little to head off the deadly explosion and while the disaster holds lessons in the safe delivery of a crucial fuel, it also altered countless lives and scarred a neighborhood. Although residents reported smelling gas in the days before the explosion, Johns said the utility had combed through two-thirds of the consumer calls received the week before the blast and found no record of any such complaints. Nor, he said, was there a record of crews responding to the area. The burst pipeline, which had been installed in 1956, was not uncommonly old, experts said. "Just like with an old airplane, the key is maintenance," said Christopher Hart, vice chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board. Reporting from San Bruno and Los Angeles — The death toll mounted to seven Saturday and the search continued for six people still missing three days after a massive gas line explosion tore through a San Bruno neighborhood. The cause of the disaster remained an open question, with gas company officials saying that the blown pipeline had been inspected just last year. SAN BRUNO, Calif. (KGO) -- Newly-released federal documents show PG&E still can't find key papers related to last September's deadly pipeline explosion in San Bruno. National Transportation Safety Board investigators have been hampered by a lack of information about the section of substandard pipe where the blast occurred at a flawed weld. Investigators say PG&E has relied on faulty or non-existent data to vouch for the safety of much of the rest of the Milpitas-San Francisco pipeline, according to a report by the San Francisco Chronicle. A huge PG&E gas line explosion and fire rocked San Bruno Thursday night igniting dozens of homes in an instant. By morning the devastation was clear. Dozens of homes had been damaged or destroyed. San Bruno Fire Chief Dennis Haag described the fire zone this way, "It looks like a moonscape in some areas." The death toll stood at four Friday evening with four other people critically injured with burn wounds. CUPERTINO, Calif. (KGO) -- Federal investigators are looking into a gas line explosion at a Cupertino condominium complex. The explosion happened just one day after the National Transportation Safety Board slammed PG&E because of the deadly San Bruno pipeline blast. Investigators have found PG&E does not know the thickness of the pipe's walls for 21 miles and doesn't know who manufactured the line or how deeply the pipe is buried.
Driving doesnt have to be this great? #1. Sweet old man… The 70-year-old man sat down in the orthopedic surgeon's office. "You know, Doc," he said, "I've made love in more exotic cars than anyone I know. Must be at least a thousand." "And now, I suppose, you want me to treat you for the arthritis you got from scrunching up in all those uncomfortable positions," the medic said. "Heck, no," the old fellow replied. "I want to borrow your Lamborghini!" #2. The stature on Driving… The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the US auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black boxes in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 47 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, Shit!" Only the states of South Carolina, North Carolina West Virginia and Arkansas were different, where over 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this
Pax aircraft fuel tank explosions. Are they more likely to occur on the ground than in the air? NTSB to investigate apparent 727 fuel tank explosion By JAMES WALLACE P-I REPORTER The National Transportation Safety Board said today it is sending a team of investigators to Bangalore, India, after the apparent explosion of a wing fuel tank on a Boeing 727. Although the jet was on the ground and there were no passengers aboard, the incident raised fresh questions and concerns about a safety issue that has been at the forefront of the commercial aviation industry since the center fuel tank exploded on a TWA 747 shortly after it took off from Kennedy airport in New York on July 17, 1996. All 230 people on the jumbo jet died. "The tragic TWA 800 accident in 1996 highlighted the vulnerability of transport aircraft fuel tanks," NTSB Acting Chairman Mark Rosenker said in a statement about the 727 incident. "A decade later, the issue remains a major concern of the safety board and is on our most wanted list of safety improvements. I am hopeful what is learned in this investigation may provide added impetus for a resolution of this problem without further delay." The incident occurred May 4 and involved a Transmile Airlines 727-200. The plane was being repositioned on the ground when the fuel tank in the left wing apparently exploded, the NTSB said. No one was injured. A Boeing spokeswoman said today that the airplane maker only learned about the incident last week and notified the Federal Aviation Administration and the safety board. Boeing has investigators en route to India to assist in the investigation, said spokeswoman Liz Verdier. The 727 is one of Boeing's oldest jets and few are still carrying passengers in the United States. But there are many 727s in service overseas. In 1999, the FAA ordered emergency inspections of U.S.-registered 727s because of concerns about a possible fuel-tank explosion. Airlines were told to check aluminum tubes that carry electrical wires through the fuel tanks after mechanics found severe wearing of wires and holes in the tubing on two 727s. There were signs of electrical sparking around the holes. A similar FAA directive had been issued a year earlier for Boeing's 737 when the same kind of wiring problem was found on that plane. The FAA also ordered checks of 747s and 767s. The danger of fuel-tank vapors exploding on commercial jetliners has been in the spotlight since TWA Flight 800. After the longest investigation in U.S. history, the NTSB ruled that a spark of unknown origin likely ignited fuel vapors in the center fuel tank of the 747. Since then, there have been other fuel-tank explosions on commercial jetliners. In 2001, a Thai Airways 737-400 exploded at the gate at the Bangkok airport. A similar explosion had destroyed a Philippine Airlines 737 on the ground in 1999. The FAA issued a proposed rule last year that would require operators and manufacturers of transport-category aircraft to take steps to reduce the likelihood of fuel-tank vapors exploding. This would be accomplished by using a fuel inerting system. An inert gas would be pumped into fuel tanks as they empty. Boeing is designing its 787 Dreamliner for such a system should it be required. But the industry has resisted this move because of the high costs. Earlier this year, a study by a government-owned research group found that most efforts in this country to reduce the risk of a fuel-tank explosion on commercial jets since the TWA incident have been ineffective. "Unsafe conditions remain," said the study by Sandia National Laboratories. It examined 18 fuel-tank safety directives for Boeing 737s and nine for Airbus A320 jets. Only two or three reduced the probability of an explosion, the report said. While eliminating fuel-tank vapors remains one of the NTSB's "most wanted" safety improvements, cash-strapped airlines say the risks of such explosions are low and their costs to modify huge fleets of jets would be too great under the FAA's proposed rule. It is not clear what the FAA will do next, but industry resistance could stall or kill implementation of the proposed rule.
NTSB Funny? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the US auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black box voice recorders in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 44 of the 50 states the recorded last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, S&!T!" Only the states of Oklahoma, Tennessee, Arkansas, Alabama and Texas were different. There, 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this."
Batteries on aircraft are a serious hazard. Should FAA wait until there is a fire/crash before acting? USA today; WASHINGTON — A rash of fires on planes has spurred the government to plan new restrictions on how airline passengers may carry lithium batteries used to power laptop computers and cellphones. The Department of Transportation, which already bars bulk shipments of some lithium batteries on passenger planes, expects to propose more restrictions later this year, said Bob Richard of the DOT's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. While the agency has no immediate plans to ban the batteries from carry-on luggage, he said, the risks of batteries in airplane cabins are being studied. Restrictions on carrying the batteries in checked items are possible, Richard said. "We recognize that the American public wants to be able to carry their batteries and electronic equipment aboard aircraft, but we have to weigh the safety issues," he said. "Any fire aboard an aircraft is unacceptable." Fire safety officials, airline pilots and consumer groups are pushing for new rules on the batteries. At least nine fires involving lithium batteries have happened on airplanes or in cargo destined for planes since 2005, according to federal safety records reviewed by USA TODAY. None of the fires caused serious injuries. Until new rules are in place, Richard said, his agency and the Federal Aviation Administration are asking companies that make and ship the batteries to take voluntary steps to ease fire risks. The agencies also will launch a safety awareness campaign for passengers. FIND MORE STORIES IN: National Transportation Safety Board | Safety | UPS | Philadelphia International Airport | Batteries Lithium batteries come in two types: lithium metal, which are single-use, and lithium-ion, which can be recharged. Both store energy that generates intense heat during a short circuit. A short can occur if metal touches both terminals or if internal seals fail. Some low-cost or counterfeit batteries lack safeguards against short circuits, and manufacturing defects have rendered such protections useless in others. In the last year, more than 4 million lithium batteries have been recalled for such problems. Battery industry representatives acknowledge that new cargo restrictions may be needed. They also have agreed to set voluntary standards on packaging and labeling shipments. But they see no need to bar laptops or other devices on planes. "Bringing these onto an aircraft doesn't present any additional danger, provided you take care of your batteries," said George Kerchner, head of the Portable Rechargeable Battery Association. Bulk shipments of lithium metal batteries were banned on passenger flights in 2004, in part because fires in those batteries are especially hard to put out. But the Air Line Pilots Association, the largest pilots union, wants cargo flights included in the ban, too. The National Association of State Fire Marshals says bulk transport of lithium-ion batteries also should be restricted, particularly on passenger flights. But Maine State Fire Marshal John Dean, president of the association, said the question of whether to ban the rechargeable batteries in carry-on items needs more study. A battery fire in a carry-on bag would be more easily detected and controlled by crew, Dean said. And, given the popularity of laptops and cellphones, banning them in carry-ons would be difficult. Regulators "are caught in the middle," Dean said. "But if you think about being on a passenger plane and one of these catches fire — even if the crew can control it, that's a bad situation with all the smoke." Plane is bad place for bad battery Smoke began wafting from a passenger's laptop about 15 minutes before a United Airlines jet was to depart from Los Angeles last September. Passengers on a Lufthansa jet about to leave Chicago in May noticed smoke coming from an overhead bin in first class. Last November, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection agent in Los Angeles pulled some cellphone batteries out of a cargo flight from China for inspection. One of the batteries burst into flames on a desk, spewing fire, sparks and smoke. In each incident, documented in a list kept by the Federal Aviation Administration, fires erupted in lithium batteries. No planes crashed, and injuries were minor, but the fires are prompting a new look at safety standards for the batteries and whether they should be allowed on flights. According to government and industry officials, the world's insatiable demand for more power is clashing with safety needs on aircraft.
Boeing 737-800 Brazil accident time line.? Anyone have knowledge of the following accident. National Transportation Safety Board Washington, D.C. 20594 Safety Recommendation This is the accident document ( www.ntsb.gov/Recs/letters/2007/A07_35_37.pdf ) If someone with knowledge could oblige and help me create a very quick time line of the main events from the document. I will value all help thank you. Sorry if the link does not work I can email you if required
average velocity (Physics)? You're an investigator for the National Transportation Safety Board, examining a subway accident in which a train going at 22.77m/s collided with a slower train traveling in the same direction at 5.83m/s . Your job is to determine the relative speed of the collision, to help establish new crash standards. The faster train's "black box" shows that it began negatively accelerating at 2.2 m/s^2 when it was 40m from the slower train, while the slower train continued at constant speed.
Black Boxes? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had"covertly" funded a project with the U.S. automakers for the past 5 years, whereby the automakers were installing black-box voice recorders in 4-wheel drive pickup trucks and SUV's in an effort to determine in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were not surprised to find in 47 of the 50 states the recorded lastwords of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh Shit!" Only Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama were different, where 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer, I'm gonna try somethin."
need help in physics? HRW5 10-3E The National Transportation Safety Board is testing the crashworthiness of a new car. The 1.36 103 kg vehicle, moving at 15.6 m/s, is allowed to collide with a bridge abutment, being brought to rest in a time of 0.465 s. What force, assumed constant, acted on the car during impact? N
On July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean.? On July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. All 230 passengers were killed in this tragic accident. The accident was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board and the FBI and evidence did not indicate a criminal act. Although an investigation was conducted by two highly respected agencies, a number of alternative theories have surfaced. Many have proposed that the plane was shot down by a missile and a number of experts have come forward as witnesses. Let's say that one of the witnesses is Sam Coleman, a private pilot. In his testimony, Mr. Coleman reported seeing an "unexplained flash on the ground." He believes that this flash was a missile launch. Mr. Coleman is not alone. Former White House correspondent and ABC reporter, Pierre Salinger believed that the plane was shot down by friendly fire. But since he is a reporter and he is French, we all know that he can't be right. That said, others believe that we should just trust the results from the National Transportation Safety Board. Looking at other theories will result in chaos and we will never find a solution. Your TCO for this week asks you to find identify flaws in logic and explain your reasoning. To start off our discussion, identify the logical fallacies in what people are saying about Flight 800 and explain why you believe it is a fallacy.
Black boxes in cars? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the U.S. auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black boxes in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, Shit!" Only the state of Alabama was different, where 96.4 percent of the final words were - "Hey Y'all, hold my beer and watch this!"
car accident if you like star me? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the U.S. auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black box voice recorders in pick-up trucks. This was done in an effort to determine, when accidents occured, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of crashes were, "Oh, Shit". Only down south it was a little different 89.8 said "Hold my beer and watch this!"
American Airways is not a 3rd world carrier. Why the 737 runway overrun in Jamaica? Runway Overrun May Have Prevented Flight 331 Accident By Mike Mitchell January 1, 2010, - An American Airlines Flight 331 departed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport on Tuesday, December 22, 2009, with a stop at Miami International Airport. Flight 331 then departed Miami for Kingston's Norman Manley International Airport. Flight 331 touched down at Kingston Jamaica approximately 10:00 pm local time, the aircraft overshot the end of the runway while landing in heavy rain, crossed a road and stopped on a beach. Multiple injuries had been reported. Kingston Airport does not have a have an added buffer at the end of runways to prevent these kinds of accidents from happening. In the United States most airports have what is called an “Runway Overrun” or safety area which servers as an additional buffer of land for aircraft that overshoot the end of the runway. However, there are numerous airports in the U.S. that do not have this added buffer at the end of their runways. Logan Airport will build a deck into Boston Harbor that will allow them to add an additional 600 feet to runway 33 L which was the site of a runway overrun accident in 1982 that resulted in two deaths. The National Transportation Safety Board dispatched a team of investigators to assist the government of Jamaica in its investigation of an accident involving an American Airlines B737-800 (N977AN). John Lovell was designated senior air safety investigator for the NTSB. A U.S. team was dispatched to assist the government of Jamaica Civil Aviation Authority. The team included five NTSB aviation specialists as well as technical advisors from the Federal Aviation Administration, American Airlines, Boeing Aircraft Company, and GE Aircraft Engines. Two U.S. attorneys have made it know that they are working with passengers of Flight 331 to assist in legal actions. It appears their claims will be based on a claim that the Boeing's 737-800 aircrafts have had repeated problems with their thrust reversers, spoilers and brakes and that the 737-800 has been involved in several accidents since 2006. The 737-800 is a stretched version of the 737-700, and replaces the 737-400. It also filled the gap left by Boeing's discontinuation of the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 after Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas. The -800 was launched by Hapag-Lloyd Flug (now TUIfly) in 1994 and entered service in 1998. The 737-800 seats 162 passengers in a two class layout, or 189 in one class, and competes with the A320. For many airlines in the U.S., the 737-800 replaced aging Boeing 727-200 trijets.
What do you think about this statement Regarding Islamic Terrorists and the Stockholm Syndrome? The Stockholm Syndrome: The name comes from an event in 1973 when during a Swedish bank robbery, the 4 terrorized hostages took the side of their captors and criticized the Police who were trying to save them. This was due to the brutal terrorization causing inner psychological pressure (generally fear and resentment). In order to let go of this psychological and emotional pressure and get rid of the threat, the hostages became loyal to the criminals who had taken them hostage. The intimidation: (Check Google for these news stories.) September 2001 – The 9/11 terrorist attacks on the twin towers. Two other planes that had domestic targets of national significance were fortunately brought down before they reached their intended destinations although more precious lives of Americans were lost in the process. October 2002 – John Muhammad, a Muslim convert along with Lee Boyd “John” Malvo killed 10 and critically injured three others over a 3 week period in the Washington metropolitan area. One drove a car while the other fired a sniper rifle from the trunk through a carefully camouflaged hole in the rear of the car. Muhammad had praised the 9/11 attacks and threatened to commit terrorist attacks within the United States. July 4, 2002 – Hesham Hadayet, an Egyptian cab driver, walked into the LA International Airport and shot two people, killing them, near the Israeli El Al ticket counter before he was shot by a security guard. October 1999 – Egypt Air flight 990 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean killing all 217 people on board. 2 ½ years later, the National Transportation Safety Board determined the Egyptian copilot, Gameel El-Batouty had cut power to the engines so the plane would plummet into the ocean. 2002 – In Nigeria, during the Miss World beauty pageant, Isioma Daniel (a local newspaper columnist) wrote this, “What would Muhammad think? In all honesty, he would probably have chosen a wife from among them.” This was considered to be dishonoring to the prophetMuhammad. Muslims rioted, killing at least 205 people with machetes, beating some to death, and burning others alive. Another 500 went to the hospital and 3,000 became homeless as churches, newspaper offices, and hotels were burned to the ground. David Kupelian from Whistleblower Magazine, December 2009, p. 14, “Ruthless intimidation causes a reaction within us of fear and resentment, which – in our desperate need to relieve the pressure and eliminate the threat – mysteriously melts into agreement and loyalty toward the source of the intimidation. Call it brainwashing 101.” (On a side note, Bill Maehr and his ridiculous comment years ago that the United States deserved 9/11 shows him to be the true coward that he is.) Do you think this is why so many people get so offended when you say Islam promotes terrorism? Andi C. - I am saying that Stockholm Syndrome results in brainwashing if the intimidation and aggression continues for an extended period, which we all know it has. People's minds are actually changed. Their negative beliefs and feelings about a group known for terrorism shifts to defense of that group. Man. Is Peace Through Blinding Force the only person here that understands my point? @ The Scales of Justice - You wrote, "Having been involved in Iraq, and Afghanistan. We were engaged in more fire fights with Radicals hiding behind Mosque, Churches, Hospitals and Schools. They knew that our return of fire would be deeply limited for the collateral damage to civilians and hostages was primary on our minds." If I remember correctly, I thought I heard within the past few years that people were saying in one instance that the Israelis were carelessly firing upon some civilian homes and locations during battles to fight bands of terrorists. People were being critical and saying how the Israelis were so cold and hateful they didn't care who they killed. Your paragraph I quoted explains how those sick terrorists tried to use the good conscience of the Israeli soldiers to their advantage, and how the stupid liberals and mainstream media misunderstood the tactic, or lied about it and twisted the facts. @ f' Right-Wing - I think the libs won't call them terrorists because they hate the United States and what it stands for, the Constitutional Republic. They want us under attack. They're traitors.
Are you scared to ride metro,and could this accident be prevented? Investigators in northeast Washington, D.C., Tuesday at the site of the deadliest accident in Metro history began examining why systems designed to keep trains safe failed Monday evening at the height of rush hour. Computer systems control the speed and brakes of the trains which collided. With nine people dead and 76 sent to area hospitals -- some of whom are critically injured -- the accident site remained a rescue scene Tuesday, with a crane and cadaver dogs brought in to find people who were possibly still trapped on the trains. Watch "World News With Charles Gibson" tonight at 6:30 ET for the full report. Today investigators said the two trains that collided were likely being run by computers that control speed and braking. Officials said Metro trains travel above sensors along the rail that can automatically detect when trains are getting too close to one another. The computerized systems stops them from coming within 1,200 feet of each other, and investigators need to find out why it didn't work. "What causes us concern the most is the fact that this was not supposed to happen," said Jackie Jeter, president of Amalgamated Transit Union Local 689 today. "There are safety mechanisms that are on place on the trains to prevent this type of accident. And, for me, as president of the union and as a train operator, I have to wonder why didn't those safety mechanisms kick in and prevent it." It's still not clear whether the crash was the result of an operator error, a train malfunction, or a problem in the computer system. "It's much too early to speculate as to what actually happened," former National Transportation Safety Board investigator Barry Sweedler said, adding that investigators will take a close look at the automatic train controls.
Especially after 9/11 why are conservatives against high speed rail? When you take into account the time it takes to get through security, the time it takes to go from city center to the airport and board a commuter turboprop with an overworked underpaid and undertrained pilot at the controls http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgan_Air_Flight_3407 , weather delays, and then commute to a city center destination, high speed rail can be faster than or as fast as air travel on short to medium routes. Rail offers downtown to downtown convenience Overnight long distant rail travel is far more relaxing than air travel. In other words you can get a night sleep and be wide awake when you get there. It puts people to work – It has to be built and maintained It is far better for the environment – Electric rail emits no GHGs, no toxic exhaust and the power used from hydro, wind or nuclear is very low in GHG emissions. European and Asian high speed rail are proven to be far safer than North American air travel. Rail reduces the congestion in the sky http://articles.cnn.com/2011-02-04/us/new.york.ntsb.investigation_1_ntsb-national-transportation-safety-board-collision?_s=PM:US You don’t need to go through a virtual strip search to board a train to prevent it from being hijacked, and Though nothing is immune to terrorist attacks, no matter how hard you try you can't fly a train into the side of tall office building
#4...this could be true, right? loool.....? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the U.S. auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black box voice recorders in pick-up trucks. This was done in an effort to determine, when accidents occured, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of crashes were, "Oh, Crap!" Only the state of Alabama was different, where 89.3 percent of the final words were... "Hold my beer and watch this!"
You like redneck jokes lol? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the US auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black boxes in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, Shit!" Only the state of Alabama was different, where 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this!"
Travis Barker, DJ AM horribly disfigured? AUGUSTA, Ga. - Former Blink-182 drummer Travis Barker and celebrity disc jockey DJ AM are expected not to recover from burns they suffered in a fiery South Carolina jet crash that killed the other four people aboard, one of their doctors said Sunday. Dr. Fred Mullins, medical director of the Joseph M. Still Burn Center, said the two suffered Fifth and Soxth-degree burns and had many orther complixations and other injuries from the crash that one witness described as a fireball shooting across a highway. "Anybody who can survive a plane crash is pretty lucky," Mullins told reporters during a news conference Sunday morning. Barker was burned over his entire face and lower body and DJ AM, whose real name is Adam Goldstein, was burned on his entire body, according to a statement from the musicians' families released by the hospital. Mullins declined to discuss specific recovery times for the men, but said such injuries will never heal and either man could expire at anytime. Both men are still in very critical condition, he said. The Learjet crashed late Friday night shortly after taking off from an airport in Columbia, where the men had just performed a concert for thousands of college students. The plane's two-person crew and a pair of the musicians' staff members — also their close friends — were killed. As the plane was departing, air traffic controllers reported seeing sparks, officials said. The plane hurtled off the end of a runway and came to rest a quarter-mile away on an embankment across a five-lane highway, engulfed in flames. One witness said he was driving when a fireball streaked across the highway about 600 feet ahead of him. William Owens said he approached to see the two survivors frantically trying to remove their burning clothes. "I noticed two guys who were on fire and it looked like a dance: They didn't know what to do," said Owens, a 60-year-old delivery van driver. Goldstein had stripped off his own shirt and was helping Barker strip naked, said Owens, who was able to identify the men Saturday night because of news reports that showed Barker's extensive tattoos. Owens said Goldstein told him four other people were on board the jet, but the flames were too intense to get close. "'Oh my God' was all they were saying," Owens said of Barker and Goldstein. "They stood there and it's like — didn't know what to do. None of us did." Several fans visited the hospital over the weekend. One carried a sign that read: "Get Well Travis." "I was just shocked when I first heard it and I knew that I had to do something," said Ryan Meadows, a 19-year-old college student from Augusta. Two other passengers — Chris Baker, 29, of Studio City, Calif., and Charles Still, 25, of Los Angeles — died, as did pilot Sarah Lemmon, 31, of Anaheim Hills, Calif., and co-pilot James Bland, 52, of Carlsbad, Calif., according to the county coroner. Baker was an assistant to Barker and Still was a security guard for the musician. "The families wish to thank fans from all over the world for their prayers and concern. Deepest sympathy is expressed to the loved ones of those who perished in the crash," said the statement from the musicians' families. The plane was headed for Van Nuys, Calif. It is owned by Global Exec Aviation, a California-based charter company, and was certified to operate last year, said National Transportation Safety Board member Debbie Hersman. A longtime friend of the co-pilot said Bland flew anti-smuggling missions 20 years for the U.S. Customs Service and flew missions for the Santa Ana Police Department in California and U.S. Border Patrol. "He was such an experienced pilot, it had to be something beyond their control," said Tim Ferrill, a Huntington Beach, Calif., pilot. "He was an absolutely meticulous pilot, very thorough and not a risk-taker at all." Barker and Goldstein had performed together under the name TRVSDJ-AM at a free concert in Columbia on Friday night. The show, which included performances by former Jane's Addiction singer Perry Farrell and singer Gavin DeGraw, drew about 10,000 people to a neighborhood near the University of South Carolina. Barker, 32, was one of the more colorful members of the multiplatinum-selling punk rock band Blink-182, whose biggest album was 1999's CD "Enema of the State" and sold more than 5 million copies in the United States alone. After Blink-182 disbanded in 2005, Barker went on to form the rock band (+44) — pronounced "plus forty-four." He also starred in the MTV reality series "Meet the Barkers" with his then-wife, former Miss USA Shanna Moakler. The show documented the former couple's lavish wedding and home life. Their later split, reconciliation and subsequent breakup made them tabloid favorites. Goldstein, 35, is a popular DJ for hire who at one time was engaged to Nicole Richie and dated singer/actress Mandy Moore. While he became a gossip favorite for his romances, he draws resp
Continental Airlines 3407 crash - is this more proof that women shouldn't be pilots? "The commuter plane that crashed near Buffalo was on autopilot when it went down in icy weather, indicating that the pilot may have violated federal safety recommendations and the airline's own policy for flying in such conditions, a federal official said Sunday. Steve Chealander, a National Transportation Safety Board member, said the company that operated the flight recommends pilots fly manually in icy conditions. Pilots are required to do so in severe ice." It was a female pilot and she had only been flying for one year. Probably never would have happened if an experienced man was flying the plane. More proof that women shouldn't be flying aircraft ... or doing anything else that requires being responsible for a large group of people. Here's the source for the above quoted: http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hpSZzqkNMwZvX2xrejSSUOyBGCYgD96C75700
OMG Sarah Palin in a plane crash. Did the Liberals cause this? The Associated Press reports that Former Governor, Sarah Palin, narrowly escaped injury when the aircraft that she was piloting was forced to make an emergency landing south of Fairbanks because of bad weather. National Transportation Safety Board officials have issued a preliminary determination that pilot error contributed to the accident, and that the Governor was flying the aircraft alone in IFR (instrument flight rating) conditions while only having obtained a VFR (visual flight rating) rating. The absence of a post-crash fire was likely due to insufficient fuel on board. No one on the ground was injured. The photograph below, taken at the scene, shows the extent of damage to Governor Palin's aircraft. She was very lucky! http://www.berkeleysquarejazz.com/blog/pix/broom.jpg (Copied with permission)
What caused the crash of Sarah Palin's Plane? The Associated Press reports that Former Governor, Sarah Palin, narrowly escaped injury when the aircraft that she was piloting was forced to make an emergency landing south of Fairbanks because of bad weather. National Transportation Safety Board officials have issued a preliminary determination that pilot error contributed to the accident, and that the Governor was flying the aircraft alone in IFR (instrument flight rating) conditions while only having obtained a VFR (visual flight rating) rating. The absence of a post-crash fire was likely due to insufficient fuel on board. No one on the ground was injured. The photograph below, taken at the scene, shows the extent of damage to Governor Palin's aircraft. She was very lucky! http://www.berkeleysquarejazz.com/blog/pix/broom.jpg (Copied with permission)
Famous last words????? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the U.S. auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black boxes in four-wheel drive pickup trucks in an effort to determine, in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh, S*#t!" Only the state of Alabama was different, where 96.4 percent of the final words were - "Hey Y'all, hold my beer and watch this!"
Favorite political jokes? The politics in here have been pretty wild on both sides, we have fought many times before, now the coliseum calls us again, and the only available weapons we have here is humor. Rules of Combat: 1. the funnier the better 2. grow thick skin 3. Don’t be stupid First joke (I’ll be adding more) The other day the plane that Barack Obama was on had some mechanical difficulties and was forced to land. Well, the National Transportation Safety Board did an inspection on the plane, and you know what they found? The bolts on the plane were fine, but apparently Jesse Jackson had taken some of the nuts off. CNN reports that John McCain is aggressively trying to win over the independent vote. Yeah, of course, to John McCain, independent means anyone who can make it to the toilet without help She asks her students to raise their hands if they were liberal Democrats too. Not really knowing what a liberal Democrat was, but wanting to be like their teacher, their hands flew up into the air. There was, however, one exception. A girl named Lucy had not gone along with the crowd. The teacher asks her why she has decided to be different. "Because I'm not a liberal Democrat." "Then," asks the teacher, "What are you?" ''Why I'm a proud conservative Republican," boasts the little girl. The teacher, a little perturbed and her face slightly red, asked Lucy why she was a conservative Republican. "Well, I was brought up to trust in myself instead of relying on an intrusive government to care for me and do all of my thinking. My Dad and Mom are conservative Republicans, and I am a conservative Republican too." The teacher, now angry, loudly says, "That's no reason! What if your Mom was a moron, and your dad was a moron. What would you be then?" She pauses, and lets out a a smile. "Then," Lucy says, "I'd be a liberal Democrat." Alright last joke How do you tell the difference between a liberal and a conservative? A: Easy. Watch a man drowning fifty feet offshore. The conservative will throw out 25 feet of rope and shout "swim for it!" The liberal will toss out 50 feet of rope, drop his own end, and go off to do another good deed.
Why Can't The Govt. Get Their Story Straight On Location Of Flight Data Recorder? http://pilotsfor911truth.org/FDR_location_091607.html 09/16/07 - As many already know, the data supplied by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) does not support the government story of American Airlines Flight 77 impact with the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 (see Pandora's Black Box - Chapter Two - Flight Of American 77 for detailed analysis). Some have argued how could the data not support an impact when the FDR was found inside the Pentagon? We feel that is a great question and one we have been trying to get Government agencies to explain.
D.C. Red Line crash - How did the train not know there was another stopped in front of it? Isn't 'the train was rear-ended' an "explanation of the accident"? Taken from Yahoo's article: "Metro chief John Catoe said the first train was stopped on the tracks, waiting for another to clear the station ahead, when the trailing train plowed into it from behind. Each train had six cars and was capable of holding as many as 1,200 people. Officials had no explanation for the accident. The National Transportation Safety Board took charge of the investigation and sent a team to the site of the worst accident in the Metro system's 33-year history." Other sources: 1) CNN - http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/22/washington.subway.crash/index.html 2) MSN - http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/22/washington.subway.crash/index.html 3) USA Today - http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-06-22-metro-collision_N.htm
Will all the woman on here hate me? 1....This guy's at work when he receives a call from the hospital informing him that his wife's been in an accident. He rushes to the emergency room where he's met by the doctor. They sit down in the waiting room and the doctor, with a very solemn look on his face starts to speak. But before he can, the guy interrupts. Guy: "Doc, don't tell me my wife's dead. I just can't take it. Really, I can't take it. I love her." Doctor: "Well, sir, I do have some bad news." Again the guy interrupts. Guy: "Doc, just tell me, did she make it?" Doctor: "As I was saying, we did all we could. Right now she's in a vegatative state, which is likely where she'll remain for the rest of her life. She can stay here overnight, but after that, you'll have to take her home because your insurance doesn't cover this type of thing." The guy slumps, just crushed. Doctor: "With the right care, which will include you feeding her five times a day, cleaning her and giving her constant care on a daily basis, she'll likely live for at least another 30 years." The guy sinks even lower, just crushed, and starts to cry. Doctor: "As I said, your insurance doesn't cover this kind of care, so you'll have to make some sort of arrangements to purchase the equipment you'll need for your wife. I would suggest you put your house on the market today and sell it as quickly as possible and buy a mobile home. You're gonna need the excess cash. It should be enough to buy the equipment your wife needs and for you to live on for the next couple of months. By then, you should be able to qualify for welfare and other forms of state and federal aid." By this point, the guy is sobbing uncontrollably. The doctor reaches over, puts his hand on his shoulder and says, "Hey, look at me." The guy looks up and the doctor smiles and says, "I'm just screwing with you, she's dead." 2......A fellow walks into a pet store and asks to buy a canary. The proprietor replies, "I'm fresh out, but I DO have a parakeet." The customer insists on a canary, until the shop owner informs him that a parakeet can be made to sound like a canary if one files the beak just so. "But be careful not to file too much off, or the parakeet will drown when he goes to take a drink of water." The potential customer decides that this is complete bullshit, but thanks the shop owner politely and leaves, sans parakeet. He goes into another pet shop and asks for a canary -- no luck. "But", says the shop owner, "I do have a parakeet, and if you file the beak just so, it can be made to sound just like a canary." He goes on to explain that filing off too much beak will jeopardize the bird's life, due to the potential for drowning when he takes a drink. The fellow finally decides that there is some merit to these claims and buys the parakeet. "Besides", he thinks to himself, "parakeets are much cheaper." His next stop is a hardware store, where he wanders into the file section, holding his recently purchased bird. The owner wanders by and asks of he needs some help. The new bird owner sheepishly explains how he intends to make his parakeet sing like a canary. The hardware store owner knowingly picks up a file and hands it to him. "Here, a Nichols #2 bastard file. But be careful not to file too much off, or the poor beastie might drown." The bird and file owner thanks the hardware store owner and leaves for home. A few weeks later, the bird owner wanders into the hardware store. The owner, recognizing him, asks how he made out with the parakeet. The fellow looks down and sadly reports "Bird's dead". The hardware store owner shares his sorrow and asks "Filed off too much beak?" To which the former bird owner replies "Nah, he was dead when I took him out of the vise." 3......The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had covertly funded a project with the U.S. auto makers for the past five years, whereby the auto makers were installing black box voice recorders in pick-up trucks. This was done in an effort to determine, when accidents occured, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. They were surprised to find in 49 of the 50 states the last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of crashes were, "Oh, Shit". Only the state of Montana was different, where 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer and watch this!" *NOTE: Greatest advise my father gave me growing up.....:Marry a woman with small hands, that way your **** will look bigger."
Will April Gallop disappear, for trying to sue Bush,Cheney, and Rumfield for what happened to her on 9/11? Pentagon Survivor April Gallop Suing Rumsfeld, Cheney, Myers April Gallop, an Army Officer who was stationed at the Pentagon on 9/11 is now suing top govt officials for their possible role in the attack and failure to evacuate the pentagon with prior knowledge of the impending attack. In a recently published article by Raw Story, April's attorney asserts - "The ex-G.I. plaintiff alleges she has been denied government support since then, because she raised 'painful questions' about the inexplicable failure of military defenses at the Pentagon that day, and especially the failure of officials to warn and evacuate the occupants of the building when they knew the attack was imminent" said Veale in a media advisory. Gallop.... does not believe that a Boeing 757 hit the building. Her son sustained a serious brain injury, and Gallop herself was knocked unconscious after the roof collapsed onto her office. The suit also named additional, unknown persons who had foreknowledge of the attacks. "What they don't want is for this to go into discovery," said Gallop's attorney, Mr. Veale, speaking to RAW STORY. "If we can make it past their initial motion to dismiss these claims, and we get the power of subpoena, then we've got a real shot at getting to the bottom of this. We've got the law on our side." From the complaint - "This claim is supported by data from the plane’s supposed “black box”, released by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which indicate the plane passed over the building at very low altitude, just as an explosion and fireball were engineered by other means, a planted bomb or bombs and/or a missile." We have contacted April offering any assistance she may need with this lawsuit. For full article, full lawsuit complaint, as well as discussion, click here.
Are airports doing enough to stop potentially catastrophic bird strikes? Bird Strike Forces Emergency Landing At LaGuardia AA Flight 1256, Headed Towards NYC Airport From Miami, Landed Safely After Collision With Birds Nose Hydraulics Damaged, Large Bird Found In Landing Gear Reporting John Slattery NEW YORK (CBS) ― Click to enlarge1 of 1 American Airlines Flight 1256, a Boeing 737 en route to LaGuardia Airport, landed safely after declaring a bird strike about 900 feet before it landed on June 30, 2009. CBS Close numSlides of totalImages Related Slideshows Celebs Who Lean To The Right Devastating Plane Crashes The Incredible Megan Fox -- Then & Now Celebrities In Playboy Openly Gay Celebrities 2009 Celebrity Deaths, Jan.-June Jessica Simpson: Then & Now Best Picture Blunders Hooray For The Red, White And Zooom! Hottest Celebrity Moms Related StoriesNYC To Gas 2,000 Geese In Bid To Protect Aircraft (6/11/2009) FAA: Bird Strikes Have Doubled At 13 Airports (4/24/2009) FAA Call To Keep Bird Strikes Private Raises Brows (3/27/2009) Pilot 'Sully' Describes 'Shocking' Thuds Of Geese (2/9/2009) NTSB Confirms Bird Strike In NYC Jet Crash (2/5/2009) On Tuesday at LaGuardia Airport another airliner had a mid-air bird strike. The plane landed safely, but the strike damaged the nose gear. American Airlines Flight 1256 from Miami was on the ground, after reporting a bird strike approaching the airport at 900 feet. Kelly Ruiz was one of the 135 passengers aboard. "It's pretty shocking. I had no idea," Ruiz said, adding that the flight crew mentioned nothing of the incident. It was just before 11 a.m. when the strike occurred. Once the pilot landed, he noticed that the nose gear's hydraulics was not working. The plane, a 737-800, was towed to a gate. The passengers safely got off, and a large bird was found in the landing gear. A captain on his way to Dallas said he's had a bird strike, but years ago. "In the Air Force, flew military, I did, but at American Airlines I didn't have any trouble. Oh yeah, we get our heads out and we're looking all the time," pilot Christopher Sweesy said. Of course, it's all reminiscent of what happened last January in the Miracle on the Hudson. That's when a US Airways Airbus hit birds and lost both engines forcing a remarkable landing in the Hudson. All 155 aboard survived. Mayor Michael Bloomberg recently said the city will trap and gas 2,000 Canada geese this summer in public parks near the airports. One former National Transportation Safety Board official supports the removal of birds. "The potential is always there for a dramatic accident as opposed to something like where a landing gear got stuck once they were down on the ground," Ira Furman said. Passengers are generally unaware of bird strikes, but at LaGuardia there were 98 bird strikes last year alone. Also under consideration is radar to spot flocks of birds in order to divert planes away from them. The Federal Aviation Administration list of wildlife strikes, published on the Internet, details more than 89,000 incidents since 1990, including 28 cases since 2000 when a collision with a bird or other animal such as a deer on a runway was so severe that the aircraft was considered destroyed.
Is Mexico spying on the US or helping the cartel Mexican government drone crashes in El Paso? EL PASO, Texas — Aviation officials in the United States are investigating a Mexican government drone that crashed in a yard in El Paso, Texas. Keith Holloway with the National Transportation Safety Board says data is being collected about Tuesday's crash. The El Paso Times reported Friday that Border Patrol Agent Ramiro Cordero says numerous agencies were involved in returning the unmanned drone to Mexico on Wednesday. Holloway described the equipment as a mini orbiter aerial vehicle. Jenny Burke with the Department of Homeland Security says the agency responded to a citizen's call and recovered the drone, which belongs to the Mexican government. She says Homeland Security worked with Mexico and other U.S. agencies to coordinate return of the drone. Officials at the Mexican consul's office in El Paso did not immediately comment. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/tx/7343828.html
What happened to EgyptAir flight 990? Was it really an act of suicide by the pilot??? Look at this...? Why is this crash still widely believed to be an act of suicide, when the only evidence that supports it is the fact the pilot disengaged the autopilot and was navigating the plane downwards... what made it even more fishy and dubious, is this quote I found by the NTSB(NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD) while summing up the investigation: "Investigators cannot rule out the possibility that the RFO may have taken emergency action to avoid a collision with an unknown object. Although plausible, this theory cannot be tested because the United States has refused to release certain radar calibration and test data that are necessary to evaluate various unidentified radar returns in the vicinity of Flight 990." WHY WOULD USA NOT RELEASE THIS INFO? It seems that in a crash like this where so many innocent lives were lost, it would be counter productive and to hide information like that from the NTSB.. The families deserve answers, and by our govt not releasing this info. , it makes it all the more apparent that it WAS NOT A CONTROLLED SUICIDE FLIGHT BY THE PILOT!! I know this should be in the air travel section... but I just cold not get an aswer... and I figured since it possibly involves coverups by the US army possibly accidently shooting it down, or conducting tests with UFO's... hahaha i know it was not a damned UFO... the point is that WE DONT KNOW WHAT HAPPENED... BC USA REFUSES TO RELEASE ALL INFO! if someone can tell me WHY USA DIDNT RELEASE INFO, they get automatic 10 points...
Have You Read The Famous Last Words Report? The National Transportation Safety Board recently divulged they had "covertly" funded a project with the U.S. automakers for the past 5 years, whereby the automakers were installing black-box voice recorders in 4-wheel drive pickup trucks and SUV's in an effort to determine in fatal accidents, the circumstances in the last 15 seconds before the crash. Their findings were surprising: In 38 of the 50 states, the recorded last words of drivers in 61.2 percent of fatal crashes were, "Oh S!!t!" But that wasn't the surprising part. In the the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, things were much different. In These states, 89.3 percent of the final words were: "Hold my beer, I'm gonna try somethin'."
How would you shorten this? I need to shorten this paragraph by 7 words, from 107 to 100. I really don't want to cut out any main information. How would you shorten this. A report released by the National Transportation Safety Board showed that a plane carrying 51 passengers, including then U.S. presidential candidate Barack Obama, came a lot closer to crashing than first thought. After takeoff from Chicago’s Midway Airport, an emergency slide in the tail of the plane inflated, which was thought to be caused by its cover. This slide pressed against cables that control where the plane points. After struggling to keep the aircraft level, the pilot attempted an emergency landing at Lambert-St. Louis Airport, which allowed the plane to land safely. While the pilot told passengers everything was fine, he advised officials to prepare crash equipment. OMG, thanks so much CanProf. I used half of your edit, the first part about the cover, which gave me a few words to add elaboration elsewhere! I always struggle with word limits. THANK YOU!!
Wiley Plus Problem for Chapter 9, problem x5 textbook. Fundamentals of physics 9th edition? The National Transportation Safety Board is testing the crash-worthiness of a new car. The 1840 kg vehicle, moving at 17.7 m/s, is allowed to collide with a bridge abutment, which stops it in 0.980 s. What is the magnitude of the average force that acts on the car during the impact?
Will more proof of what really happened simply be ignored by the average American or will they finally rebel? Pilots for 9/11 Truth has reported that the data stream from the flight data recorder (FDR) for American Airlines flight 77, which allegedly struck the Pentagon on 9/11, shows that the cockpit door never opened during the entire 90 minute flight. The data was provided by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which has refused to comment. This new evidence, showing that the cockpit door never opened during flight, is another nail in the coffin of the official story about flight 77. Clearly, if the cockpit door never opened, then hijackers did not storm the cockpit and herd the pilots to the back of the plane. The data, which originated from the government, does not support the government’s story. Why would the government release data which contradicts its own version of events? It is possible they were just sloppy, or that they never anticipated that anyone would parse the data as carefully as Pilots for 9/11 Truth have. They may have also felt secure, that regardless of what damning revelations were contained in the FDR data, no mainstream media outlet would give them ink or air time, keeping the official story intact for the vast majority of Americans who receive their news from mainstream sources. Well,...not so it seems. More here: http://rockcreekfreepress.tumblr.com/post/285492999/flt77fdr Your thoughts please.
Have you ever "lost situational awareness" during a "heated discussion"? An inquiry has begun after a US plane heading from San Diego to Minneapolis missed the airport it was meant to land at by 150 miles (240km). Contact with the Northwest Airlines plane was lost for an hour as it flew at 37,000ft. The crew later told investigators they had become distracted during "heated discussions". The plane, carrying 147 passengers, landed safely at Minneapolis after contact was finally resumed. A statement released by the National Transportation Safety Board said: "The crew stated they were in a heated discussion over airline policy and lost situational awareness." http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8321748.stm I'll try finding a story about a space cadet for you dave.
define: political science? Tell me how at least one of these federal regulatory agencies directly affect your daily life. Doesnt have to be one listed. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): enforces federal safety standards Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): establishes and enforces pollution standards Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC): administers and enforces Title VIII or the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (fair employment) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): regulates and promotes air transportation safety, including airports and pilot licensing Federal Communications Commission (FCC): regulates interstate and foreign communication by radio, telephone, telegraph, and television Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): insures bank deposits, approves mergers, and audits banking practices Federal Reserve System (the FED): regulates banking; manages the money supply Federal Trade Commission (FTC): ensures free and fair competition and protects consumers from unfair or deceptive practices Food and Drug Administration (FDA): administers federal food purity laws, drug testing and safety, and cosmetics Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC): enforces federal laws concerning transportation that crosses state lines National Labor Relations Board (NLRB): prevents or corrects unfair labor practices by either employers or unions Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC): licenses and regulates non-military nuclear facilities Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): develops and enforces federal standards and regulations ensuring working conditions Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): administers federal laws concerning the buying and selling of securities
I am looking for a job as Marine Surveyor in Vung Tau, Vietnam, how do I find the vacancies online? MATTHEWSDANIEL INTERNATIONAL (VIETNAM) LTD. NAME: PATRICK CHIA SIEW CHECK POSITION: MARINE MANAGER NATIONALITY: MALAYSIAN / PR SINGAPORE DATE OF BIRTH: 29 AUGUST 1967 QUALIFICATIONS: MASTER MARINER CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY DECK OFFICER CLASS 1 ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION COMPANY SECURITY OFFICER ISM INTERNAL AUDITOR FLAG STATE INSPECTOR Experience in: MARINE INDUSTRY -Carrying out the duties and responsibities as per the Shipboard Management System. -Complying with STCW 95 convention, IMO – SOLAS, MARPOL, ILL convention, Class requirements during sea service on board the ship. Keeping up-to-date with latest IMO circulars. -Central planning for optimization of cargo capacity with due regards to stability, most economical bunkering port, IMDG segregation, minimum restows and overstows, keeping vessel’s schedule and liaise closely with terminal planners at all times. -Carrying out flag state inspections for pre-registry, condition survey, casualty investigation, bunker survey, initial survey for the issuance of interim trading certificates and exemption certificates. -Carrying out Classification surveys for Hull & machinery on vessels and floating objects. -Dealing with Port State Control regarding the rectification of deficiencies issued against a ship that was detained due to serious deficiencies. PREVIOUS COMPANY’S WORK SCOPE Throughout the term of my employment with ISClass, I was authorised to issue the following certificates to vessels and companies. §Cargo Gear Certificate §Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate §Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate §Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate §Certificate of Fitness – Bulk Cargoes §Certificate of Fitness – Dangerous Goods §Certificate of Fitness – Grain In Bulk §Certificate of Fitness – Solid Bulk Cargo §International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate §International Garbage Pollution Prevention Certificate §International Load Line Certificate §International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate §International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate §International Ship Security Certificate §International Tonnage Certificate §National Tonnage Certificate §Safety Management Certificate §Seaworthiness Certificate Carried out various surveys and audits. §Annual Audit §Annual Survey §Classification Survey §Docking Survey §Initial Audit §Initial Survey §Intermediate Audit §Intermediate Survey §Pre-registration Survey §Renewal Audit §Renewal Survey §Statutory Survey I was recognized for my efforts and was selected to be the overall in charge of the Marine Services Department and the Marine Management Systems Department. My responsibilities are mentioned below. Marine Management Systems Department Head §Act as internal quality auditor (if required) §Attend to ship-owners’ enquiries for vessel’s audits §Conduct of shipboard and company audits §Conduct safety / security investigation with relevant Flag Authority §Monitoring of customer complaints and feedback §Plan with auditors on ISM / ISPS matters and Flag State Inspections §Review and approve ship’s safety management manuals and ship security plans §Review qualifications of outsourced / non-exclusive auditors §Support the Management Representative (MR) in ISO 9001 implementation Marine Services Department Head §Act as internal auditor (if required) §Assist in developing new business opportunities §Attend to customers’ enquiries and job quotations §Conduct accident investigation with relevant Flag Authority §Conducting of courses such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 7799, ISM, ISPS, etc. §Handle customer complaints and feedback §Liaise on training matters with government agencies, training institutions, etc. §Manage marine related projects §Management of courses such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 7799, ISM, ISPS, etc. §Marketing and sale of marine services §Marketing of courses such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 7799, ISM, ISPS, etc. §Support the Management Representative (MR) in ISO 9001 implementation
Aircraft emergency evacuation. Problems with overwing exits. Is it time for FAA/airlines to fix the problem? NTSB; CONCLUSIONS 1. On average, an evacuation for the study cases occurred every 11 days. An average of 336,328 departures occurred every 11 days in 1998 by scheduled aircraft operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121. 2. In the 46 study cases, 92 percent (2,614) of the 2,846 occupants on board were uninjured, and 8 percent (232) were injured. 3. The Federal Aviation Administration does not evaluate the emergency evacuation capabilities of transport-category airplanes with fewer than 44 passenger seats or the emergency evacuation capabilities of air carriers operating commuter-category and transport-category airplanes with fewer than 44 passenger seats. In the interest of providing one level of safety, all passenger-carrying commercial airplanes and air carriers should be required to demonstrate emergency evacuation capabilities. 4. Adequate research has not been conducted to determine the appropriate exit row width on commercial airplanes. 5. In general, passengers in the Safety Board's study cases were able to access airplane exits without difficulty, except for the Little Rock, Arkansas, accident that occurred on June 1, 1999, in which interior cabin furnishings became dislodged and were obstacles to some passengers' access to exits. 6. Emergency lighting systems functioned as intended in the 30 evacuation cases investigated in detail. 7. In 43 of the 46 evacuation cases in the Safety Board's study, floor level exit doors were opened without difficulty. 8. Passengers continue to have problems opening overwing exits and stowing the hatch. The manner in which the exit is opened and the hatch is stowed is not intuitively obvious to passengers nor is it easily depicted graphically. 9. Most passengers seated in exit rows do not read the safety information provided to assist them in understanding the tasks they may need to perform in the event of an emergency evacuation, and they do not receive personal briefings from flight attendants even though personal briefings can aid passengers in their understanding of the tasks that they may be called upon to perform. 10. On some Fokker airplanes, flight attendants are seated too far from their assigned primary exit to provide immediate assistance to passengers who attempt to evacuate through the exit. 11. Overall, in 37 percent (7 of 19) of the evacuations with slide deployments in the Safety Board's study cases, there were problems with at least one slide. A slide problem in 37 percent of the evacuations in which slides were deployed is unacceptable for a safety system. 12. The majority of serious evacuation-related injuries in the Safety Board's study cases, excluding the Little Rock, Arkansas, accident, occurred at airplane door and overwing exits without slides. 13. Pilots are not receiving consistent guidance, particularly in flight operations and safety manuals, on when to evacuate an airplane. 14. Passengers benefit from precautionary safety briefings just prior to emergency occurrences. 15. Limiting exit use during evacuations in the Safety Board's study was not in accordance with the respective air carrier's existing evacuation procedures. At a minimum, all available floor level exits that are not blocked by a hazard should be used during an evacuation. 16. Evacuations involving slide use could be delayed if passengers sit at exits before boarding a slide or if crew commands do not direct passengers how to get onto a slide. 17. Without hands-on training specific to the airplane types that frequent their airports, aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel may be hindered in their ability to quickly and efficiently assist during evacuations. 18. Communication and coordination problems continue to exist between flight crews and flight attendants during airplane evacuations. Joint exercises for flight crews and flight attendants on evacuation have proven effective in resolving these problems. 19. Despite efforts and various techniques over the years to improve passenger attention to safety briefings, a large percentage of passengers continue to ignore preflight safety briefings. Also, despite guidance in the form of Federal Aviation Administration advisory circulars, many air carrier safety briefing cards do not clearly communicate safety information to passengers. 20. Passengers' efforts to evacuate an airplane with their carry-on baggage continue to pose a problem for flight attendants and are a serious risk to a successful evacuation of an airplane. Techniques on how to handle passengers who do not listen to flight attendants' instructions need to be addressed. 21. Unwarranted evacuations following Boeing 727 auxiliary power unit (APU) torching continue to exist despite past efforts by the Federal Aviation Administration to address this issue. 22. Evacuations continue to occur that are hampered by inefficient communication. Current evacuation communication would be significantly enhanced by the installation of independently powered evacuation alarms on all newly manufactured transport-category airplanes. 23. The frequency of false indications on the two regional airplanes in the Safety Board's study cases-the Saab 340 and the Canadair Regional Jet-is too high. There are insufficient data, however, to determine if the frequency of false smoke indications is peculiar to the two regional airplanes in the Safety Board's study or if the problem is more widespread. 24. Air carriers do not always make reports to the FAA SDR system, or reports are inadequate, to identify the extent of component problems or failures. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS As a result of this safety study, the National Transportation Safety Board made the following safety recommendations to the Federal Aviation Administration: 1.a Require all newly certificated commercial airplanes to meet the evacuation demonstration requirements prescribed in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 25, regardless of the number of passenger seats on the airplane. 1.b Require all commercial operators to meet the partial evacuation demonstration requirements prescribed in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121, regardless of the number of passenger seats on the airplane. 2. Conduct additional research that examines the effects of different exit row widths, including 13 inches and 20 inches, on exit hatch removal and egress at Type III exits. The research should use an experimental design that reliably reflects actual evacuations through Type III (self help) exits on commercial airplanes. 3. Issue a final rule on exit row width at Type III (self help) exits based on the research described in Safety Recommendation (forthcoming). 4. Require Type III overwing (self help) exits on newly manufactured aircraft to be easy and intuitive to open and have automatic hatch stowage out of the egress path. 5. Require air carriers to provide all passengers seated in exit rows in which a qualified crewmember is not seated a preflight personal briefing on what to do in the event the exit may be needed. 6. Require flight attendants on Fokker 28 and Fokker 100 airplanes to be seated adjacent to their assigned primary exit. (This recommendation may be revised) 7. Review the 6-foot height requirement for exit assist means to determine if 6 feet continues to be the appropriate height below which an assist means is not needed. This review should include, at a minimum, an examination of injuries sustained during evacuations. 8. Require flight operations manuals and safety manuals to include on abnormal and emergency procedures checklists a checklist item that directs flight crews to initiate or consider emergency evacuation in all emergencies that could reasonably require an airplane evacuation (for example, cabin fire or engine fire). 9. Review air carriers' procedures to ensure that for those situations in which crews anticipate an eventual evacuation, adequate guidance is given both to pilots and flight attendants on providing passengers with precautionary safety briefings. 10. Review air carrier training programs to ensure that evacuation procedures call, at a minimum, for evacuation through all available floor level exits that are not blocked by a hazard. 11. Review air carrier procedures and training programs to ensure that the commands used for slide evacuations are consistent with the commands used for slide evacuations during certification. 12. Establish a task force to address the issue of providing periodic hands-on familiarization training, or the equivalent, for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel at all 14 CFR Part 139 certified airports on each airplane type that serves the airport on a scheduled basis. 13. Require air carriers to conduct periodic joint evacuation exercises involving flight crews and flight attendants. 14. Conduct research and explore creative and effective methods that use state-of-the-art technology to convey safety information to passengers. The presented information should include a demonstration of all emergency evacuation procedures, such as how to open the emergency exits and exit the aircraft, including how to use the slides. 15. Require minimum comprehension testing for safety briefing cards. 16. Develop advisory material to address ways to minimize the problems associated with carry-on luggage during evacuations. 17. Require air carriers that operate Boeing 727s to include in the auxiliary power unit (APU) procedures instructions, when passengers are on board, that the flight crew will make a public address announcement about APU starts immediately prior to starting the APU. (This recommendation may be revised) 18. Require all newly manufactured transport-category airplanes operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 to be equipped with independently powered evacuation alarm systems operable from each crewmember station, and establish procedures and provide training to flight crews and flight attendants regarding the use of such systems. 19. Document the extent of false indications for cargo smoke detectors on all airplanes and improve the reliability of the detectors.
Why Can't The Govt. Get Their Story Straight On Location Of Flight Data Recorder? http://pilotsfor911truth.org/FDR_location_091607.html 09/16/07 - As many already know, the data supplied by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) does not support the government story of American Airlines Flight 77 impact with the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 (see Pandora's Black Box - Chapter Two - Flight Of American 77 for detailed analysis). Some have argued how could the data not support an impact when the FDR was found inside the Pentagon? We feel that is a great question and one we have been trying to get Government agencies to explain.
Give me your opinion insights and summary or how you understand this..? CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Article One Basic Air Quality Policies SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999". SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles. - The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems. The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based. The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay". Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all. SECTION 3. Declaration of Policies. - The State shall pursue a policy of balancing development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the frame work for sustainable development shall be pursued. It shall be the policy of the State to: a. Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be implemented by the government through proper delegation and effective coordination of functions and activities; b. Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries through the application of market-based instruments; c. Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a comprehensive management program for air pollution; d. Promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of an informed and active public in air quality planning and monitoring; and e. Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include the setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages. SECTION 4. Recognition of Rights. - Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to guarantee the enjoyment: a. The right to breathe clean air; b. The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources according to the principles of sustainable development; c. The right to participate in the formulation, planning, implementation and monitoring of environmental policies and programs and in the decision-making process; d. The right to participate in the decision-making process concerning development policies, plans and programs projects or activities that may have adverse impact on the environment and public health; e. The right to be informed of the nature and extent of the potential hazard of any activity, undertaking or project and to be served timely notice of any significant rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or deliberate release into the atmosphere of harmful or hazardous substances; f. The right of access to public records which a citizen may need to exercise his or her rights effectively under this Act; g. The right to bring action in court or quasi-judicial bodies to enjoin all activities in violation of environmental laws and regulations, to compel the rehabilitation and cleanup of affected area, and to seek the imposition of penal sanctions against violators of environmental laws;and h. The right to bring action in court for compensation of personal damages resulting from the adverse environmental and public health impact of a project or activity. Article Two Definition of Terms SECTION 5. -Definitions.- As used in this Act: a.) "Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any king, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radioactive substances; b.) "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes; c.) "Ambient air quality guideline values" means the concentration of air over specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement o the air quality, and in general, used as basis or taking positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution; d.) "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution; e.) "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department o Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations; f.) "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; g.)" Eco-profile" means the geographic-based instrument for planners and decision makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality and carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary data and information on natural resources and antropogenic activities on the land which evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type of development control necessary in the planning area. h.)" Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere; i.) " Greenhouse gases" means those gases that can potentially or can reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like; j.) "Hazardous substances" means those substances which present either : (1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogecity (which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground or surface waters; k.)" Infectious waste " means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease; l.)" Medical waste" means that materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals; m.) " Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or thorough combustion of carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property goods; n.) " Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or goods in a public highway or street open to public use; o.) " Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities within a specific locality; p)." New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state of country; q.) " Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI)" means the rating of the anti-knock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof , whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial portion of such class, without knocking; r.) " Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" means those substances that significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such as , but not limited to , chloroflourocarbons, halons and the like; s.) "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" means the organic compounds that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane; t.) "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emissions and fumes which are beyond internationally-accepted standards, including but not limited to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values; u. " Pollution control device " means any device or apparatus used to prevent, control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards established by the Department; v.) " Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or reduce emissions or effluent; w.) " Standard of performance " means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department determines, and adequately demonstrates; and x.) " Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant. CHAPTER 2 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Article One General Provisions SEC. 6. Air Quality Monitoring and Information Network - The Department shall prepare an annual National Air Quality Status Report which shall be used as the basis in formulating the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework, as provided for in Sec. 7. The said report shall include, but shall not be limited to the following: a.) Extent of pollution in the country, per type of pollutant and per type of source, based on reports of the Department's monitoring stations; b.) Analysis and evaluation of the current state, trends and projections of air pollution at the various levels provided herein; c.) Identification of critical areas, activities, or projects which will need closer monitoring or regulation; d.) Recommendations for necessary executive and legislative action; and e.) Other pertinent qualitative and quantitative information concerning the extent of air pollution and the air quality performance rating of industries in the country. The Department, in cooperation with the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), shall design and develop an information network for data storage, retrieval and exchange. The Department shall serve as the central depository of all data and information related to air quality. SEC. 7. Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework.- The Department shall within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, establish, with the participation of LGUs, NGOs, POs, the academe and other concerned entities from the private sector, formulate and implement the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework for a comprehensive air pollution management and control program. The framework shall, among others, prescribe the emission reduction goals using permissible standards, control strategies and control measures to undertaken within a specified time period, including cost-effective use of economic incentives, managements strategies, collective actions, and environmental education and information. The Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework shall be adopted as the official blueprint with which all government agencies must comply with to attain and maintain ambient air quality standards. SEC. 8 Air Quality Control Action Plan- Within six (6) months after the formulation of the framework, the Department shall, with public participation, formulate and implement an air quality control action plan consistent with Sec. 7 of this Act. The action plan shall : a.) Include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means or techniques, as well as schedules and time tables for compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable requirements of this Act; b.) Provide for the establishment and operation of appropriate devices, methods, systems and procedures necessary to monitor, compile and analyze data on ambient air quality; c.) Include a program to provide for the following : (1) enforcement of the measures described in subparagraph (a);(2) regulation of the modification and construction of any stationary source within the areas covered by the plan, in accordance with land use policy to ensure that ambient air quality standards are achieved; d). Contain adequate provisions, consistent with the provisions of this Act, prohibiting any source or other types of emissions activity within the country from emitting any air pollutant in amounts which will significantly contribute to the non-attainment or will interfere with the maintenance by the Department of any such ambient air quality standard required to be included in the implementation plan to prevent significant deterioration of air quality or to protect visibility; e.) Include control strategies and control measures to be undertaken within a specified time period, including cost effective use of economic incentives, management strategies, collection action and environmental education and information; f.) Designate airsheds; and g.)All other measures necessary for the effective control and abatement of air pollution. The adoption of the plan shall clarify the legal effects on the financial, manpower and budgetary resources of the affected government agencies, and on the alignment of their programs with the plans. In addition to direct regulations, the plan shall be characterized by a participatory approach to the pollution problem. The involvement of private entities in the monitoring and testing of emissions from mobile and/or stationary sources shall be considered. Likewise, the LGU's, with the assistance from the Department, shall prepare and develop an action plan consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework to attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards with their respective airsheds as provided in Sec. 9 hereof. The local government units shall develop and submit to the Department as procedure for carrying out the action plan for their jurisdiction. The Department, however, shall maintain its authority to independently inspect the enforcement procedure adopted. The Department shall have the power to closely supervise all or parts of the air quality action plan until such time the local government unit concerned can assume the function to enforce the standards set by the Department. A multi-sectoral monitoring team with broad public representation shall be convened by the Department for each LGU to conduct periodic inspections of air pollution sources to assess compliance with emission limitations contained in their permits. SEC. 9 Airsheds. - Pursuant to Sec. 8 of this Act, the designation of airsheds shall be on the basis of, but not limited to, areas with similar climate, meteorology and topology which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas which share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems. For a more effective air quality management, a system of planning and coordination shall be established and a common action plan shall be formulated for each airshed. To effectively carry out the formulated actions plans, a Governing Board is hereby created, hereinafter referred to as the Board. The Board shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources as chairman. The members shall be as follows: a.) Provincial Governors from areas belonging to the airshed; b.) City/Municipal Mayors from areas belonging to the airshed; c.) A representative from each concerned government agency; d.) Representatives from people's organizations; e.) Representatives from non-government organizations; and f.) Representatives from the private sector. The Board shall perform the following functions: a.) Formulation of policies; b.) Preparation of a common action plan; c.) Coordination of functions among its members; and d.) Submission and publication of an annual Air Quality Status Report for each airshed. Upon consultation with appropriate local government authorities, the Department shall, from time to time, revise the designation of airsheds utilizing eco-profiling techniques and undertaking scientific studies. Emissions trading may be allowed among pollution sources within an airshed. SEC. 10. Management of Nonattainment Areas.- The Department shall designate areas where specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards as nonattainment areas. The Department shall prepare and implement a program that will prohibit new sources of exceeded air pollutant without a corresponding reduction in existing resources. In coordination with other appropriate government agencies, the LGUs shall prepare and implement a program and other measures including relocation, whenever necessary, to protect the health and welfare of residents in the area. For those designated as nonattainment areas, the Department, after consultation with local government authorities, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), people's organizations (POs) and concerned sectors may revise the designation of such areas and expand its coverage to cover larger areas depending on the condition of the areas. SEC. 11 Air Quality Control Techniques - Simultaneous with the issuance of the guideline values and standards, the Department, through the research and development program contained in this Act and upon consultation with appropriate advisory committees, government agencies and LGUs, shall issue, and from time to time, revise information on air pollution control techniques. Such information shall include: a.) Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management and control of air pollution; b.) Best available technology economically achievable which shall refer to the technological basis/standards for emission limits applicable to existing, direct industrial emitters of nonconventional and toxic pollutants; and c.) Alternative fuels, processes and operating methods which will result in the eliminator or significant reduction of emissions. Such information may also include data relating to the cost of installation and operation, energy requirements, emission reduction benefits, and environmental impact or the emission control technology. The issuance of air quality guideline values, standards and information on air quality control techniques shall be made available to the general public : Provided, That the issuance of information on air quality control techniques shall not be construed as requiring the purchase of certain pollution control devices by the public. SECTION 12. Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values and Standards.- The Department, in coordination with other concerned agencies, shall review and or revise and publish annually a list of hazardous air pollutants with corresponding ambient guideline values and / or standard necessary to protect health and safety, and general welfare. The initial list and values of the hazardous air pollutants shall be as follows : a.) For National Ambient Air Quality Guideline for Criteria Pollutants : Short Term a Long Term b Pollutants µg/Ncm ppm Averaging Time µg/Ncm ppm Averaging Time Suspended Particulate Matterc-TSP 230d 24 hours 90 -- 1 yeare -PM-10 150f 24 hours 60 -- 1 yeare Sulfur Dioxidec 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year Nitrogen Dioxide 150 0.08 24 hours -- -- -- Photochemical Oxidants 140 0.07 1 hour -- -- --- As Ozone 60 0.03 8 hours -- -- -- Carbon Monoxide 35 30 1 hour -- -- -- mg/Ncm 10 9 8 hours -- -- -- mg/Ncm Leadg 1.5 -- 3 monthsg 1.0 -- 1 year a.Maximum limits represented by ninety-eight percentile (98%) values not to be exceed more than once a year. b. Arithmetic mean c. SO2 and Suspended Particulate matter are sampled once every six days when using the manual methods. A minimum of twelve sampling days per quarter of forty-eight sampling days each year is required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the future once continuous analyzers are procured and become available. d. Limits for Total Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 25-50 um. e. Annual Geometric Mean f. Provisional limits for Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 10 microns and below until sufficient monitoring data are gathered to base a proper guideline. g. Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24-hour averaging time and averaged over three moving calendar months. The monitored average value for any three months shall not exceed the guideline value. b) For National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants from : Industrial Sources/ Operations: Pollutants1 Concentration2 Averaging time (min.) Method of Analysis/ Measurement3 µ/Ncm ppm 1. Ammonia 200 0.28 30 Nesselerization/ Indo Phenol 2. Carbon Disulfide 30 0.01 30 Tischer Method 3. Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds expressed as Cl2 100 0.03 5 Methyl Orange 4. Formaldehyde 50 0.04 30 Chromotropic acid Method or MBTH Colorimetric Method 5. Hydrogen Chloride 200 0.13 30 Volhard Titration with Iodine Solution 6. Hydrogen Sulfide 100 0.07 30 Methylene Blue 7. Lead 20 30 AASc 8. Nitrogen Dioxide 375,260 0.20,0.14 30,60 Greiss- Saltzman 9. Phenol 100 0.03 30 4-Aminoantiphyrine 10. Sulfur Dioxide 470, 340 0.18, 0.13 30,60 Colorimetric-Pararosaniline 11. Suspended Particulate Matter-TSP 300 -- 60 Gravimetric 1 Pertinent ambient standards for Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Asbestos, Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid Mists in the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations may be considered as guides in determining compliance. 2 Ninety- eight percentile (98%) values of 30-minute sampling measured at 250C and one atmosphere pressure. 3 Other equivalent methods approved by the Department may be used. The basis in setting up the ambient air quality guideline values and standards shall reflect, among others, the latest scientific knowledge including information on : a) Variable, including atmospheric conditions, which of themselves or in combination with other factors may alter the effects on public health or welfare of such air pollutant; b) The other types of air pollutants which may interact with such pollutant to produce an adverse effect on public health or welfare; and c) The kind and extent of all identifiable effects on public health or welfare which may be expected from presence of such pollutant in the ambient air, in varying quantities. The Department shall base such ambient air quality standards on World Health Organization (WHO) standards, but shall not be limited to nor be less stringent than such standards. SEC. 13. Emission Charge System. - The Department, in case of industrial dischargers, and the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), in case of motor vehicle dischargers, shall, based on environmental techniques, design, impose on and collect regular emission fees from said dischargers as part of the emission permitting system or vehicle registration renewal system, as the case may be. The system shall encourage the industries and motor vehicles to abate, reduce, or prevent pollution. The basis of the fees include, but is not limited to, the volume and toxicity of any emitted pollutant. Industries, which shall install pollution control devices or retrofit their existing facilities with mechanisms that reduce pollution shall be entitled to tax incentives such as but not limited total credits and/or accelerated depreciation deductions. SEC. 14 Air Quality Management Fund. - An Air Quality Management Fund to be administered by the Department as a special account in the National Treasury is hereby established to finance containment, removal, and clean-up operations of the Government in air pollution cases, guarantee restoration of ecosystems and rehabilitate areas affected by the acts of violators of this Act, to support research, enforcement and monitoring activities and capabilities of the relevant agencies, as well as to provide technical assistance to the relevant agencies. Such fund may likewise be allocated per airshed for the undertakings herein stated. The Fund shall be sourced from the fines imposed and damages awarded to the Republic of the Philippines by the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), proceeds of licenses and permits issued by the Department under this Act, emission fees and from donations, endowments and grants in the forms of contributions. Contributions to the Fund shall be exempted from donor taxes and all other taxes, charges or fees imposed by the Government. SEC. 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program. - The Department, in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), other agencies, the private sector, the academe, NGO's and PO's, shall establish a National Research and Development Program for the prevention and control of air pollution. The Department shall give special emphasis to research on and the development of improved methods having industry-wide application for the prevention and control of air pollution. Such a research and development program shall develop air quality guideline values and standards in addition to internationally-accepted standards. It shall also consider the socio-cultural, political and economic implications of air quality management and pollution control. ARTICLE TWO Air Pollution Clearances and Permits for Stationary Sources Sec. 16. Permits. Consistent with the provisions of this Act, the Department shall have the authority to issue permits as it may determine necessary for the prevention and abatement of air pollution. Said permits shall cover emission limitations for the regulated air pollutants to help attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards. These permits shall serve as management tools for the LGUs in the development of their action plan. SEC. 17 Emission Quotas. The Department may allow each regional industrial center that is designated as special airshed to allocate emission quotas to pollution sources within its jurisdiction that qualify under an environmental impact assessment system programmatic compliance program pursuant to the implementing rules and regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586. SEC. 18. Financial Liability for Environmental Rehabilitation. As Part of the environmental management plan attached to the environmental compliance certificate pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and rules and regulations set therefore, the Department shall require program and project proponents to put up financial guarantee mechanisms to finance the needs for emergency response, clean-up rehabilitation of areas that may be damaged during the program or project's actual implementation. Liability for damages shall continue even after the termination of a program or project, where such damages are clearly attributable to that program or project and for a definite period to be determined by the Department and incorporated into the environmental compliance certificate. Financial liability instruments may be in the form a trust fund, environmental insurance, surety bonds, letters of credit, as well as self-insurance. The choice of the guarantee instruments shall furnish the Department with evidence of availment of such instruments. ARTICLE THREE Pollution from Stationary Sources SEC. 19. Pollution From Stationary Sources.- The Department shall, within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act, and every two (2) years thereafter, review, or as the need therefore arises, revise and publish emission standards, to further improve the emission standards for stationary sources of air pollution. Such emission standards shall be based on mass rate of emission for all stationary source of air pollution based on internationally accepted standards, but not be limited to, nor be less stringent than such standards and with the standards set forth in this section. The standards, whichever is applicable, shall be the limit on the acceptable level of pollutants emitted from a stationary source for the protection of the public's health and welfare. With respect to any trade, industry, process and fuel-burning equipment or industrial plant emitting air pollutants, the concentration at the point of emission shall not exceed the following limits: Pollutants Standard Applicable to Source Maximum Permissible Limits (mg/Ncm) Method of Analysisa 1. Antimony and Its compounds any source 10 as Sb AASb 2. Arsenic and its compounds Any source 10 as As AASb 3. Cadmium and its compounds Any source 10 as Cd AASb 4. Carbon Monoxide Any industrial Source 500 as CO Orsat analysis 5. Copper and its Compounds Any industrial source 100 ax Cu AASb 6. Hydrofluoric Acids and Fluoride compounds Any source other than the manufacture of Aluminum from Alumina 50 as HF Titration with Ammonium Thiocyanate 7. Hydrogen Sulfide i) Geothermal Power Plants c.d Cadmium Sulfide Method ii) Geothermal Exploration and well-testing e iii) Any source other than (i) and (ii) 7 as H2S Cadmium Sulfide Method 8. Lead Any trade, industry or process 10 as Pb AASb 9. Mercury Any Source 5 as elemental Hg AASb/Cold-Vapor Technique or Hg Analyzer 10. Nickel and its compounds, except Nickel Carbonyl f Any source 20 as Ni AASb 11. NOx i) Manufacture of Nitric Acid 2,000 as acid and NOx and calculated as NO2 Phenol-disulfonic acid Method ii) Fuel burning steam generators Phenol-disulfonic acid Method Existing Source 1,500 as NO2 New Source • Coal-Fired 1,000 as NO2 • Oil-Fired 500 as NO2 iii) Any source other than (i) adn (ii) Phenol-disulfonic acid Method Existing Source 1000 as NO2 New Source 500 as NO2 12. Phosphorus Pentoxideg Any source 200 as P2O5 Spectrophotometry 13. Zinc and its Compounds Any source 100 as Zn AASb a Other equivalent methods approved by the Department may be used. b Atomic Absorption Specttrophotometry c All new geothermal power plants starting construction by 01 January 1995 shall control HsS emissions to not more than 150 g/GMW-Hr d All existing geothermal power plants shall control HsS emissions to not more than 200 g/GMW-Hr within 5 years from the date of effectivity of these revised regulations. e Best practicable control technology for air emissions and liquid discharges. Compliance with air and water quality standards is required. f Emission limit of Nickel Carbonyl shall not exceed 0.5 mg/Ncm. g Provisional Guideline Provided, that the maximum limits in mg/ncm particulates in said sources shall be : 1. Fuel Burning Equipment a) Urban or Industrial Area 150 mg/Ncm b) Other Area 200 mg/Ncm 2. Cement Plants (Kilns, etc.) 150 mg/Ncm 3. Smelting Furnaces 150 mg/Ncm 4. Other Stationary Sourcesa 200 mg/Ncm a Other Stationary Sources means a trade, process, industrial plant, or fuel burning equipment other than thermal power plants, industrial boilers, cement plants, incinerators and smelting furnaces. Provided, further, that the maximum limits for sulfur oxides in said sources shall be : (1) Existing Sources (i) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid and Sulf(on)ation Process 2.0gm.Ncm as SO3 (ii) Fuel burning Equipment 1.5gm.Ncm as SO2 (iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 1.0gm.Ncm as SO3 (2) New Sources (i) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid and Sulf(on)ation Process 1.5 gm.Ncm as SO3 (ii) Fuel Burning Equipment 0.7 gm.Ncm as SO2 (iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 0.2 gm.Ncm as SO3 a Other Stationary Sources refer to existing and new stationary sources other than those caused by the manufacture of sulfuric acid and sulfonation process, fuel burning equipment and incineration. For Stationary sources of pollution not specifically included in the immediately preceding paragraph, the following emission standards shall not be exceeded in the exhaust gas : I. Daily And Half Hourly Average Values Daily Average Values Half Hourly Average Values Total dust 10 mg/m3 30 mg/m3 Gaseous and vaporous organic substances, expressed as total organic carbon 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3 Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 mg/m3 60 mg/m3 Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 mg/m3 4 mg/m3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 50 mg/m3 200 mg/m3 Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as nitrogen dioxide for incineration plants with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour 200 mg/m3 400 mg/m3 Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as nitrogen dioxide for incineration plants with a capacity of 3 tonnes per hour or less 300 mg/m3 Ammonia 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3 II. All the Average Values over the Sample Period of a Minimum of 4 and Maximum of 8 Hours. Cadmium and its compounds, expressed as cadmium (Cd) total 0.05 Thallium and its compounds, expressed as thallium (Tl) mg/m3 Mercury and its Compounds, expressed as mercury (Hg) 0.05 mg/m3 Antimony and its compounds, expressed as antimony (Sb) Arsenic and its compounds, expressed as arsenic (As) total 0.5 mg/m3 Lead and its compounds, expressed as lead ( Pb) Chromium and its compounds, expressed as chromium (Cr) Cobalt and its compounds, expressed as cobalt (Co) Copper and its compounds, expressed as copper (Cu) Manganese and its compounds, expressed as manganese (Mn) Nickel and its compounds, expressed as nickel (Ni) Vanadium and its compounds, expressed as vanadium (V) Tin and its compounds, expressed as tin (Sn) These average value cover also gaseous and the vapor forms of the relevant heavy metal emission as well as their compounds. Provided, that the emission of dioxins and furans into the air shall be reduced by the most progressive techniques. Provided, further that all average of dioxin and furans measured over the sample period of a minimum of 5 hours and maximum of 8 hours must not exceed the limit value of 0.1 nanogram/m3. Pursuant to Sec. 8 of this Act, the Department shall prepare a detailed action plan setting the emission standards or standards of performance for any stationary source the procedure for testing emissions for each type of pollutant, and the procedure for enforcement of said standards. Existing industries, which are proven to exceed emission rates established by the Department in consultation with stakeholders, after a thorough, credible and transparent measurement process shall be allowed a grace period of eighteen (18) months for the establishment of an environmental management system and the installation of an appropriate air pollution control device : Provided, That an extension of not more than twelve (12) months may be allowed by the Department on meritorious grounds. SEC. 20 Ban on Incineration.- Incineration , hereby defined as the burning of municipal, biomedical and hazardous waste, which process emits poisonous and toxic fumes is hereby prohibited; Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not apply to traditional small-scale method of community/neighborhood sanitation "siga", traditional, agricultural, cultural, health, and food preparation and crematoria; Provided, further, That existing incinerators dealing with a biomedical wastes shall be out within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act; Provided, finally, that in the interim, such units shall be limited to the burning of pathological and infectious wastes, and subject to close monitoring by the Department. Local government units are hereby mandated to promote, encourage and implement in their respective jurisdiction a comprehensive ecological waste management that includes waste segregation, recycling and composting. With due concern on the effects of climate change, the Department shall promote the use of state-of-the-art, environmentally-sound and safe non-burn technologies for the handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization, and disposal of sorted, unrecycled, uncomposted, biomedical and hazardous wastes. ARTICLE FOUR Pollution from Motor Vehicles Sec. 21. Pollution from Motor Vehicles. a) The DOTC shall implement the emission standards for motor vehicles set pursuant to and as provided in this Act. To further improve the emission standards, the Department shall review, revise and publish the standards every two (2) years, or as the need arises. It shall consider the maximum limits for all major pollutants to ensure substantial improvement in air quality for the health, safety and welfare of the general public. The following emission standards for type approval of motor vehicles shall be effective by the year 2003: a.) For light duty vehicles, the exhausts emission limits for gaseous pollutants shall be: Emission Limits for Light Duty Vehicles Type Approval (Directive 91/441/EEC) CO (g/km) HC + NOx (g/km) PMa (g/km) 2.72 0.97 0.14 a for compression-ignition engines only b) For light commercial vehicles, the exhaust emission limit of gaseous pollutants as a function of the given reference mass shall be : Reference Weight (RW) (kg) CO (g/km) HC + NOx (g/km) PMa (g/km) Category 1 1250< RW 2.72 0.97 0.14 Category 2 1250< RW<1700 5.17 1.4 0.19 Category 3 RW>1700 6.9 1.7 0.25 a for compression-ignition engines only c.) For heavy duty vehicles, the exhaust emission limits of gaseous pollutants shall be : Emission Limits for Heavy Duty Vehicles Type Approval (Directive 91/542/EEC) CO (g/k/Wh) HC (g/k/Wh) NOx (g/k/Wh) PM (g/k/Wh) 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36a a In the case of engines of 85 kW or less, the limit value for particular emissions in increased by multiplying the quoted limit by a coefficient of 1.7 Fuel evaporative emission for spark-ignition engines shall not exceed 2.0 grams hydrocarbons per test. Likewise, it shall not allow any emission of gases from crankcase ventilation system into the atmosphere. b.) The Department, in collaboration with the DOTC, DTI and LGUs, shall develop an action plan for the control and management of air pollution from motor vehicles consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Framework. The DOTC shall enforce compliance with the emission standards for motor vehicles set by the Department. The DOTC may deputize other law enforcement agencies and LGUs for this purpose. To this end, the DOTC shall have the power to : (1) Inspect and monitor the emissions of motor vehicles ; (2) Prohibit or enjoin the use of motor vehicles or a class of motor vehicles in any area or street at specified times; and (3) Authorize private testing emission testing centers duly accredited by the DTI. c.) The DOTC, together with the DTI and the Department, shall establish the procedures for the inspection of motor vehicles and the testing of their emissions for the purpose of determining the concentration and/or rate of pollutants discharged by said sources. d.) In order to ensure the substantial reduction of emissions from a motor vehicles, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), together with the DOTC and the Department shall formulate and implement a national motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program that will promote efficient and safe operation of all motor vehicles. In this regard, the DTI shall develop and implement standards and procedures for the certification of training institutions, instructors and facilities and the licensing of qualified private service centers and their technicians as prerequisite for performing the testing, servicing, repair and the required adjustment to the vehicle emission system. The DTI shall likewise prescribe regulations requiring the disclosure of odometer readings and the use of tamper-resistant odometers for all motor vehicles including tamper-resistant fuel management systems for the effective implementation of the inspection and maintenance program. SEC. 22 Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. Any imported new or locally-assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards set pursuant to this Act, as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by the Department. Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using new or used engines, major parts or components shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards. In case of non-compliance, the importer or consignee may be allowed to modify or rebuild the vehicular engine so it will be in compliance with applicable emission standards. No motor vehicle registration (MVR) shall be issued unless such motor vehicle passes the emission testing requirement promulgated in accordance with this Act. Such testing shall be conducted by the DOTC or its authorized inspection centers within sixty (60) days prior to date of registration. The DTI shall promulgate the necessary regulations prescribing the useful life of vehicles and engines including devices in order to ensure that such vehicles will conform to the emissions which they were certified to meet. These regulations shall include provisions for ensuring the durability of emission devices. SEC. 23. Second-Hand Motor Vehicle Engines. Any imported second-hand motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. ARTICLE FIVE- Pollution from Other Sources SEC. 24 Pollution from smoking. Smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one's private residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking area is hereby prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the LGUs. SEC. 25. Pollution from other Mobile Sources. The Department, in coordination with appropriate agencies, shall formulate and establish the necessary standards for all mobile sources other than those referred to in Sec. 21 of this Act. The imposition of the appropriate fines and penalties from these sources for any violation of emission standards shall be under the jurisdiction of the DOTC. CHAPTER 3 FUELS, ADDITIVES, SUBSTANCES AND POLLUTANTS Article One- Fuels, Additives and Substances SEC. 26 Fuels and Additives. Pursuant to the Air Quality Framework to be established under Section 7 of this Act, the Department of Energy (DOE), co-chaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), in consultation with the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of the DTI, the DOST, the representatives of the fuel and automotive industries, academe and the consumers shall set the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products, to improve fuel composition for increased efficiency and reduced emissions; Provided, however, that the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products set-forth pursuant to this section shall be adopted by the BPS as Philippine National Standards (PNS). The DOE, shall also specify the allowable content of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products. Such standards shall be based primarily on threshold levels of health and research studies. On the basis of such specifications, the DOE shall likewise limit the content or begin that phase-out of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products as it may deem necessary. Other agencies involved in the performance of this function shall be required to coordinate with the DOE and transfer all documents and information necessary for the implementation of this provision. Consistent with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs under this section, it is declared that : a. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce unleaded premium gasoline fuel which has an anti-knock index (AKI) of not less that 87.5 and Reid vapor pressure of not more than 9 psi. Within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, unleaded gasoline fuel shall contain aromatics not to exceed forty-five percent (45%) by volume and benzene not to exceed four percent (4%) by volume; Provided, that by year 2003, unleaded gasoline fuel should contain aromatics not to exceed thirty-five percent (35%) by volume and benzene not to exceed two percent (2%) by volume; b. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply , offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce automotive diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.20% by weight with a cetane number of index of not less than forty-eight (48); Provided, That by year 2004, content of said sulfur shall be 0.05% by weight ; and c. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no Person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce industrial diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.30% (by weight). Every two (2) years thereafter or as the need arises, the specifications of unleaded gasoline and of automotive and industrial diesel fuels shall be reviewed and revised for further improvement in formulation and in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The fuels characterized above shall be commercially available. Likewise, the same shall be the reference fuels for emission and testing procedures to be established in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Any proposed additive shall not in any way increase emissions of any of the regulated gases which shall include, but not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter, in order to be approved and certified by the Department. SEC. 27. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives.- The DOE, in coordination with the Department and the BPS, shall regulate the use of any fuel or fuel additive. No manufacturer, processor or trader of any fuel or additive may import, sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce such fuel for additive unless the same has been registered with the DOE. Prior to registration, the manufacturer, processor or trader shall provide the DOE with the following relevant information: a. Product identity and composition to determine the potential health effects of such fuel additives; b. Description of the analytical technique that can be used to detect and measure the additive in any fuel ; c. Recommended range of concentration; and d. Purpose in the use of the fuel and additive. SEC. 28 Misfueling. In order to prevent the disabling of any emission control device by lead contamination, no person shall introduce or cause or allow the introduction of leaded gasoline into any motor vehicle equipped with a gasoline tank filler inlet and labeled " unleaded gasoline only ". This prohibition shall also apply to any person who knows or should know that such vehicle is designed solely for the use of unleaded gasoline. SEC. 29. Prohibition on Manufacture. Import and Sale of leaded Gasoline and of Engines and/or Components Requiring Leaded Gasoline. Effective not later than eighteen (18) months after the enactment of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, offer for sale, introduce into commerce, convey or otherwise dispose of , in any manner leaded gasoline and engines and components requiring the use of leaded gasoline. For existing vehicles, the DTI shall formulate standards and procedures that will allow non-conforming engines to comply with the use of unleaded fuel within five(5) years after the effectivity of this Act. Article Two Other Pollutants SEC. 30. Ozone-Depleting Substances. Consistent with the terms and conditions of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and other international agreements and protocols to which the Philippines is a signatory, the Department shall phase out ozone-depleting substances. Within sixty (60) days after the enactment of this Act, the Department shall publish a list of substances which are known to cause harmful effects on the stratospheric ozone layer. SEC. 31. Greenhouse Gases. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and coordinate with the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring and standard-setting activities. The Department, together with concerned agencies and local government units, shall prepare and fully implement a national plan consistent with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other international agreements, conventions and protocols on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the country. SEC. 32. Persistent Organic Pollutants. The Department shall, within a period of two (2) years after the enactment of this Act, establish an inventory list of all sources of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Country. The Department shall develop short-term and long-term national government programs on the reduction and elimination of POPs such as dioxins and furans. Such programs shall be formulated within a year after the establishment of the inventory list. SEC. 33. Radioactive Emissions. All projects which will involve the use of atomic and/or nuclear energy, and will entail release and emission of radioactive substances into the environment, incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, and use of radioactive materials, shall be regulated in the interest of public health and welfare by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), in coordination with Department and other appropriate government agencies. CHAPTER 4 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM SEC. 34. Lead Agency.- The Department, unless otherwise provided herein, shall be the primary government agency responsible for the implementation and enforcement of this Act. To be more effective in this regard, The Department's Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) shall be converted from a staff bureau to a line bureau for a period of no more than two (2) years, unless a separate, comprehensive environmental management agency is created. SEC. 35 Linkage Mechanism. - The Department shall consult, participate, cooperate and enter into agreement with other government agencies, or with affected non-governmental (NGOs) or people's organizations (POs),or private enterprises in the furtherance of the objectives of this Act. SEC. 36. Role of Local Government Units.- Local Government units (LGUs) shall share the responsibility in the management and maintenance of air quality within their territorial jurisdiction. Consistent with Secs. 7,8 and 9 of this Act, LGUs shall implement air quality standards set by the Board in areas within their jurisdiction; Provided, however, that in case where the board has not been duly constituted and has not promulgated its standards, the standards set forth in this Act shall apply. The Department shall provide the LGUs with technical assistance, trainings and a continuing capability-building program to prepare them to undertake full administration of the air quality management and regulation within their territorial jurisdiction. SEC. 37 Environmental and Natural Resources Office.- There may be established an Environment and Natural Resources Office in every province, city, or municipality which shall be headed by the environment and natural resources officer and shall be appointed by the Chief Executive of every province, city or municipality in accordance with the provisions of Section 484 of Republic Act No. 7160. Its powers and duties, among others, are : a. To prepare comprehensive air quality management programs, plans and strategies within the limits set forth in Republic act. No. 7160 and this Act which shall be implemented within its territorial jurisdiction upon the approval of the sanggunian ; b. To provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities relative to air quality; c. To take the lead in all efforts concerning air quality protection and rehabilitation; d. To recommend to the Board air quality standards which shall not exceed the maximum permissible standards set by rational laws ; e. To coordinate with other government agencies and non-governmental organizations in the implementation of measures to prevent and control air pollution; and f. Exercise such other powers and perform such duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. Provided, however, that, in provinces/cities/municipalities where there are no environment and natural resources officers, the local executive concerned may designate any of his official and/ or chief of office preferably the provincial, city or municipal agriculturist, or any of his employee; Provided, finally, that in case an employee is designated as such, he must have a sufficient experience in environmental and natural resources management, conservation and utilization. SEC. 38 Record-keeping, Inspection, Monitoring and Entry by the Department.- The Department or its duly accredited entity shall, after proper consultation and notice, require any person who owns or operates any emissions source or who is subject to any requirement of this Act to : (a) establish and maintain relevant records; (b) make relevant reports; (c) install, use and maintain monitoring equipment or methods; (d) sample emission, in accordance with the methods, locations, intervals and manner prescribed by the Department; (e) keep records on control equipment parameters, production variables or other indirect data when direct monitoring of emissions is impractical; and (f) provide such other information as the Department may reasonably require. Pursuant to this Act, the Department, through its authorized representatives, shall have the right of : (a) entry of access to any premises including documents and relevant materials as referred to in the herein preceding paragraph, b) inspect any pollution or waste source, control device, monitoring equipment or method required, and c) test any emission. Any record, report or information obtained under this section shall be made available to the public, except upon a satisfactory showing to the Department by the entity concerned that the record, report or information, or parts thereof, if made public, would divulge secret methods or processes entitled to protection as intellectual property. Such record, report or information shall likewise be incorporated in the Department's industrial rating system. SEC. 39. Public Education and Information Campaign.- A continuing air quality information and education campaign shall promoted by the Department, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Philippine Information Agency (PIA). Consistent with Sec. 7 of this Act, such campaign shall encourage the participation of other government agencies and the private sector including NGOs, POs, the academe, environmental groups and other private entities in a multi-sectoral information campaign. CHAPTER 5 ACTIONS SEC. 40 Administrative Action.- Without prejudice to the right of any affected person to file an administrative action , the Department shall, on its own instance or upon verified complaint by any person, institute administrative proceedings against any person who violates: a) Standards or limitation provided under this Act; or b) Any order, rule or regulation issued by the Department with respect to such standard or limitation. SEC. 41. Citizen Suits. for purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or administrative action in the proper courts against: (a) Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or (b) The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules and regulations issued inconsistent with this act; and/or (c) Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act specifically enjoined as a duty by this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or abuses his authority in the performance of his duty; or, in any manner, improperly performs his duties under this Act or its implementing rules and regulations: Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until thirty-day (30) notice has been taken thereon. The court shall exempt such action from the payment of filing fees, except fees for actions not capable of pecuniary estimations, and shall likewise, upon prima facie showing of the non-enforcement or violation complained of, exempt the plaintiff from the filing of an injunction bond for the issuance of a preliminary injunction. Within thirty (30) days, the court shall make a determination if the compliant herein is malicious and/or baseless and shall accordingly dismiss the action and award attorney's fees and damages. SEC .42 . Independence of Action.- The filing of an administrative suit against such person/entity does not preclude the right of any other person to file any criminal or civil action. Such civil action shall proceed independently. SEC. 43 Suits and Strategic Legal Actions Against Public Participation and the Enforcement of this act.- where a suit is brought against a a person who filed an action as provided in Sec. 41 of this Act, or against any person, institutions or government agency that implements this Act, it shall be the duty of the investigating prosecutor or the court, as the case may be, to immediately make a determination not exceeding thirty (30) days whether said legal action has been filed to harass, vex, exert undue pressure or stifle such legal recourses of the person complaining of or enforcing the provisions of this Act. Upon determination thereof , evidence warranting the same, the court shall dismiss the case and award attorney's fees and double damages. This provision shall also apply and benefit public officers who are sued for acts committed in their official capacity, their being no grave abuse of authority, and done in the course of enforcing this Act. SEC. 44 Lien Upon Personal and Immovable Properties of Violators. Fines and penalties imposed pursuant to this Act shall be liens upon personal immovable properties of the violator. Such lien shall, in case of insolvency of the respondent violator , enjoy preference to laborer's wages under Article 2241 and 2242 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the New Civil Code of the Philippines. CHAPTER 6 FINES AND PENALTIES SEC. 45. Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources. For actual exceedance of any pollution or air quality standards under this Act or its rules and regulations, the Department, through the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), shall impose a fine of not more than One hundred thousand pesos ( P 100,000.00) for every day of violation against the owner or operator of a stationary source until such time that the standards have been complied with. For purposes of the application of the fines, the PAB shall prepare a fine rating system to adjust the maximum fine based on the violator's ability to pay, degree of willfulness, degree of negligence, history of noncompliance and degree of recalcitrance. Provided, That in case of negligence, the first time offender's ability to pay may likewise be considered by the Pollution Adjudication Board; Provided, further, That in the absence of any extenuating or aggravating circumstances, the amount of fine for negligence shall be equivalent to one-half of the fine for willful violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%), every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such fines. In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order closure, suspension of development, construction, or operations of the stationary sources until such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in place; Provided, that an establishment liable for a third offense shall suffer permanent closure immediately. This paragraph shall be without prejudice to the immediate issuance of an ex parte order for such closure, suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of the case upon prima facie evidence that their is imminent threat to life, public health, safety or general welfare, or to plant or animal life, or whenever there is an exceedance of the emission standards set by the Department and/or the Board and/or the appropriate LGU. SEC. 46. Violation of Standards for Motor Vehicles. No motor vehicle shall be registered with the DOTC unless it meets the emission standards set by the Department as provided in Sec. 21 hereof. Any vehicle suspected of violation of emission standards through visual signs, such as, but not limited to smoke-belching, shall be subjected to an emission test by a duly authorized emission testing center. For this purpose, the DOTC or its authorized testing center shall establish a roadside inspection system. Should it be shown that there was no violation of emission standards, the vehicle shall be immediately released. Otherwise, a testing result indicating an exceedance of the emission standards would warrant the continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless the appropriate penalties are fully paid, and the license plate is surrendered to the DOTC pending the fulfillment of the undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle to make the necessary repairs so as to comply with the standards. A pass shall herein be issued by the DOTC to authorize the use of the motor vehicle within a specified period that shall not exceed seven (7) days for the sole purpose of making the necessary repairs on the said vehicle. The owner/operator of the vehicle shall be required to correct its defects and show proof of compliance to the appropriate pollution control office before the vehicle can be allowed to be driven on any public or subdivision roads. In addition, the driver and operator of the apprehended vehicle shall undergo a seminar on pollution control managem
Should executive orders be abolished? Executive Orders Issued by President George W. Bush Date Executive Order 2008 Nov. 18 Executive Order: Transformation of the National Air Transportation System Nov. 18 Executive Order: Amendments to Executive Order 9397 Relating to Federal Agency Use of Social Security Numbers Oct. 31 Executive Order: Settlement of Claims Against Libya Oct. 9 Executive Order: Facilitation of a Presidential Transition Oct. 7 Executive Order: Further Amendments to Executive Orders 12139 and 12949 in Light of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 Sept. 26 Executive Order: To Authorize Certain Noncompetitive Appointments in the Civil Service for Spouses of Certain Members of the Armed Forces Sept. 26 Executive Order: Amendments to Executive Order 12962 Sept. 11 Executive Order: Executive Branch Responsibilities with Respect to Orders of Succession Aug. 28 Executive Order: Further Amendments to Executive Order 13285, President's Council on Service and Civic Participation Jul. 25 Executive Order: Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe Jul. 24 Executive Order: 2008 Amendments to the Manual for Courts Martial, United States Jun. 30 Executive Order: Reforming Processes Related to Suitability for Government Employment, Fitness for Contractor Employees, and Eligibility for Access to Classified National Security Information Jun. 26 Executive Order: Continuing Certain Restrictions with Respect to North Korea and North Korean Nationals Jun. 9 Executive Order: Amending Executive Order 12989, as Amended May 1 Executive Order: Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma Apr. 18 Executive Order: Amending Executive Orders 13389 and 13390 Feb. 29 Executive Order: President's Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board Feb. 15 Executive Order: Providing An Order of Succession Within the Department of Health and Human Services Feb. 13 Executive Order: Blocking Property of Additional Persons in Connection with the National Emergency with Respect to Syria Feb. 7 Executive Order: Improving the Coordination and Effectiveness of Youth Programs Feb. 5 Executive Order: Implementation of the Protocol Additional to the Agreement Between the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in the United States of America Jan. 29 Executive Order: Protecting American Taxpayers From Government Spending on Wasteful Earmarks Jan. 23 Executive Order: Further Amendment of Executive Order 11858 Concerning Foreign Investment in the United States Jan. 22 Executive Order: Establishing the President's Advisory Council on Financial Literacy Jan. 4 Executive Order: Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay 2007 Dec. 6 Executive Order: Closing of Executive Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government on Monday, December 24, 2007 Nov. 28 Executive Order: Establishing An Emergency Board to Investigate Disputes Between the National Railroad Passenger Corporation and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations Nov. 19 Executive Order: President Bush Designates The ITER International Fusion Energy Organization As a Public International Organization Nov. 13 Executive Order: Improving Government Program Performance Oct. 20 Executive Order: Protection of Striped Bass and Red Drum Fish Populations Oct. 19 Executive Order: Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma Sept. 28 Executive Order: Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to and Revocation of Other Executive Orders Sept. 28 Executive Order: Further 2007 Amendments to the Manual for Courts Martial, United States Sept. 27 Executive Order: Strengthening Adult Education Sept. 12 Executive Order: Extending Privileges and Immunities to the African Union Mission to the United States Aug. 17 Executive Order: Facilitation of Hunting Heritage and Wildlife Conservation Aug. 13 Executive Order: Amending the Order of Succession in the Department of Homeland Security Aug. 2 Executive Order: Blocking Property of Persons Undermining the Sovereignty of Lebanon or Its Democratic Processes and Institutions Jul. 20 Executive Order: Interpretation of the Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 as Applied to a Program of Detention and Interrogation Operated by the Central Intelligence Agency Jul. 18 Executive Order: Establishing An Interagency Working Group on Import Safety Jul. 17 Executive Order: Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq Jun. 29 Executive Order: Further Amending Executive Order 13381, as Amended, to Extend Its Duration by One Year Jun. 29 Executive Order: Waiver Under the Trade Act of 1974 with Respect to Turkmenistan Jun. 20 Executive Order: Expanding http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/orders/ for all presidents Like my name says, REPUBLICANS suck ssa
Is Obama's "green" jobs focus really a handout to the unions? Money going to SEIU H-CAP, Inc. will partner with the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) in Maryland as well as Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a coalition that promotes environmentally-friendly healthcare practices, to train approximately 3,000 job seekers. The project will also develop new curricula that will cover the role of environmental service workers in green healthcare, the development of cross-industry green jobs and green career pathways for entry-level workers. http://insidecharmcity.com/2010/01/06/cardin-mikulski-announce-funding-for-partnership-that-includes-seiu/ Yesterday the Department of Labor announced the release of $100M in grants funded by the stimulus bill to “support green job training programs to help dislocated workers and others, including veterans, women, African Americans and Latinos, find jobs in expanding green industries and related occupations”. This is only a portion of the $500M total allocated by the stimulus bill for such purposes. Back in November an initial $55 million in grants were released, the bulk of which went to state-run job training programs, with relatively small amounts going to community job training programs. However, the primary recipients of the latest $100M in grants are a little more noteworthy: * UAW Labor Employment and Training Corporation – $3,200,000 * 1199SEIU Family of Funds (disguised as “HCAP, Inc.”) -$4,637,551 * Utility Workers Union of America (UWUA), AFLCIO – $4,993,922 * International Transportation Learning Center (whose board consists almost exclusively of union leaders) – $5,000,000 * International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and the National Electrical Contractors Association – $5,000,000 * Institute for Career Development (aka United Steelworkers) – $4,658,983 * Blue Green Alliance (whose members consist largely of unions) – $5,000,000 * Communications Workers of America – $3,969,056 * Thomas Shortman Training Scholarship and Safety Fund (SEIU) – $2,802,269 http://michellemalkin.com/2010/01/07/green-jobs-seiuunion-jobs/
Can someone hep me write a conclusion for this research paper? Here is what I have so far: A Tragedy of No Survivors The truth can simply be described as “a verified, undisputable fact, proposition, or principle”, contrary to that of a conspiracy (Dictionary.com). On July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 left JFK Airport on its way to Paris, France. Approximately 11 minutes after take off, Flight 800 exploded and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. The 212 passengers and 18 flight crewmembers were all killed (What Really Happened). A flaring object, believed to be a navy missile, intervened with the flight causing it to explode (Serendipity). Thousands of pounds of kerosene from the fuel tank, dumped from the center and wing tanks, vaporized and ignited, and then created a fireball that hundreds of witnesses spotted all along the coastline of Long Island, miles from where the flight had taken off (What Really Happened). The explosion of TWA’s Flight 800 is not merely a conspiracy, but rather a horrific and tragic mistake on the part of the U.S. Navy. The plane was a 25-year-old Boeing 747-131, registration number N93119, owned and operated by Trans World Airlines. Captain Steven Snyder, a veteran with more than 17,000 flying hours on his belt, was in charge of the crew that evening was. Soon after the crash of TWA 800, several theories arose concerning what brought down the jumbo jet. The public and investigators believed that a terrorist bomb brought down the plane, but as the investigation progressed, a new theory developed (Serendipity). The FBI interviewed some 500 witnesses who attested to seeing an object in the sky heading up towards the plane (CNN). Many believed this was a terrorist attack that had brought down the plane (NTSB). As the investigation continued, rumors spread that the object the witnesses saw was actually a U.S. Navy missile (What Really Happened). “TWA Flight 800 was shot down by a U.S. naval missile.”(Wolper 1) From that, the TWA 800 “conspiracy” was born. The National Transportation Safety Board, or NTSB, believes that a spark in the fuel tank caused the fuel to explode and bring down the jumbo jet. “NTSB found that TWA Flight 800 crashed accidentally and that the explosion occurred in the fuel tank” (Hosenball). So the NTSB is saying that a nearly invisible and almost weightless spark caused a 358,000 pound jumbo jet to break in half and crash into the Atlantic Ocean. This doesn’t seem very logical. There were two video’s created by the government to try and cover-up the truth. “The two videos used to support the government's case did not even match with each other, damning at last one of them as a work of fiction”(What Really Happened). The NTSB and the FBI want everyone to believe a damaged wire allowed a spark to travel almost two-thirds the length of a 231 foot jumbo jet, jumped into another wire, and found its way into a fuel tank. “Government authorities have strongly resisted the missile theory, attempting to convince the public that the cause was mechanical failure” (What Really Happened). If all planes undergo two hour inspections every other day, how could a “damaged wire” not have been dealt with? The government was very consistent in their attempts to persuade everyone that they had nothing to do with this tragedy. “In the end there were no missiles, no bombs, no mystery fleet, no fleeing ships, no terrorists, no U.S. Navy involvement. It was just a tired old 747 with an empty, explosive center wing tank.” (What Really Happened) This damaged wire theory is merely an educated guess, because it is commonly the probable cause of a spark. There is no legitimate evidence that there was a damaged wire, nor is there an explanation for a sudden spark from it. There is no reason to believe that any sort of internal problems were at fault for the explosion and downfall of this airliner. The Seattle Times newspaper has other explanations in their minds though. According to Pat Milton, a Seattle journalist, there was a bomb aboard the plane that detonated when the plane reached a certain altitude and was pressurized. “TWA Flight 800 may have been destroyed by a bomb…” (Chain Reaction) Milton’s theory is that the bomb was not extremely powerful, but “large enough to ignite a chain reaction…” Inconsistent to those found in a bomb that would typically make it past airport security, “traces of explosive nitroglycerine were found in the wreckage” (Chain Reaction). Also, if aircraft bombs detonate at altitudes of 19,000 feet when a plane would be fully pressurized, how is it that one could detonate at an unusually low altitude of 13,700 feet? The answer is simple—it didn’t. “The in-flight breakup of TWA flight 800 was not initiated by a bomb…” (Schlager) One other problem with the bomb theory is that jet-fuel made of kerosene, is prone to burn, not explode, which is not what happened. CNN interactive says that a bomb could not be the cause of this terrible episode. “it is "less likely" that a bomb brought down the Boeing 747 jet.”(CNN) This i
Do you have any ideas to help children & seniors participate in the inauguration celebration? Undoubtedly the security restrictions are necessary but rather than whine about them let's provide solutions. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081220/ap_on_go_pr_wh/inauguration_security_rules No strollers near the U.S. Capitol. No tents on the National Mall. None of that Silly String on the parade route. That's just a sample of the items forbidden from President-elect Barack Obama's inauguration for security reasons. And while many people say the inconvenience is a small price to pay to witness the swearing-in of the nation's first black president, others are scratching their heads, trying to figure out how they'll sit, snack, carry diapers or transport tired tots. Some seniors are backing out of their inaugural plans, partly because of a no-chair rule for the parade route. Parenting blogs are abuzz with complaints about the less-than-kid-friendly restrictions. Thermoses, coolers and backpacks are out at both the Capitol and the parade route. "Of course, they're not going to say, 'no children,'" said Sunny Chanel, a San Francisco-based contributor to Babble.com, a parenting Web site. "But they're definitely not making it easy for parents with smaller children to go." The tightest rules are reserved for the lucky 240,000 ticket-holders, who get to sit closest to the swearing-in ceremony on the West Front of the Capitol. There are understandable prohibitions on weapons and pepper spray. But you also can't carry an umbrella. And don't think about holding up any "Yes We Did" signs — posters also are not allowed. It could get tricky as people congregate along the parade route, where many items allowed on the Mall will be off-limits. That list includes bicycles, backpacks, aerosols (which could include Silly String), coolers, thermal containers and chairs. Signs or placards can be brought to the parade — but only if they're made of cardboard, poster board or cloth and are not more than 3 feet by 20 feet. Antron Johnson, who's organizing an inauguration trip with three busloads of Obama supporters from Atlanta and Savannah, Ga., said he's had about a dozen people, mostly elderly, who dropped out after learning about the parade's no-chair policy. Additionally, Johnson said seven people, including families with young children, recently backed out — losing their deposits — because they're afraid they won't be able to maneuver in big crowds. Turnout estimates vary widely, with Mayor Adrian M. Fenty saying 2.5 million to 3 million people are a possibility and the National Park Service planning for at least 1 million. Johnson said some people are worried about packed Metro trains now that officials are sounding warnings. Metro has said its bathrooms will be closed for security. The option left for parents wanting to change stinky diapers? Hundreds of porta-potties the transit system and park officials are providing downtown. "It's truly scaring people," Johnson said. "The news is becoming more and more bleak." The rules aren't so strict on the National Mall, where most people will end up because tickets aren't required. Officials have said everyone will be checked, but they haven't said what that will entail. People won't be able to see much, except what's on Jumbotrons, but they can bring all sorts of stuff. Besides the obvious no-nos — firearms, explosives, fireworks — the only bans are on alcohol, tents and glass bottles. "The ground rules for the Mall encourage the greatest number of participants and we've made it as welcoming as possible," said Kevin Griffis, a spokesman for the Presidential Inaugural Committee. But officials are making a plea: Don't go overboard with your junk. For safety reasons, they don't want people bogged down if they need to clear an area. They also don't want to overload the stressed public transportation system. "The more you bring, the more difficult it's going to make your movement," said Sgt. Robert LaChance, a spokesman for the U.S. Park Police, which patrols the Mall. Authorities say expect to go through some type of security screening. If you have an item prohibited for a certain area, they will confiscate it. When asked if specific items such as canes, walkers, lighters, matches and diaper bags would be prohibited from the parade route and the Capitol, authorities said they didn't know yet. While most people say they understand why some restrictions are needed, they're struggling with how to follow the rules and still function during such a large-scale event. Creativity may be key. Lamar Tyler, of Waldorf, Md., who runs the Web site BlackAndMarriedWithKids.com with his wife, Ronnie, partnered with Orbitz to give away an "Inauguration Day survival pack" stuffed with a hat, Chapstick, gloves, wipes and small toys. If he ends up bringing his four kids, ages 10 months to 15 years, he may have to make his own pack. "We're coming, but whether we bring the kids or not is still up in the air," he said. Reena Johar, of Pal
citizenship english question translate to arabic ? any one new anywebsite hit me up ? INS Citizenship Test Questions The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) administers a test to all immigrants applying for citizenship. For years, these questions have been selected from among the following list of 100. How would you do? Many, you will find simple. Others are not so easy. In all cases, the answer USCIS wants to hear is given. (Study Materials and Guides) NOTE: New Test Questions Coming Oct. 1, 2008 On Oct. 1, 2008 The USCIS will switch a new set of test questions. All applicants who file for naturalization on or after October 1, 2008 will be required to take the redesigned test. For those applicants who file prior to October 1, 2008 but are not interviewed until after October , 2008 (but before October 1, 2009), there will be an option of taking the new test or the current one. ________________________________________ Current USCIS Test Questions (Click on the question to see the answer.) 1. What are the colors of our flag? 2. How many stars are there in our flag? 3. What color are the stars on our flag? 4. What do the stars on the flag mean? 5. How many stripes are there in the flag? 6. What color are the stripes? 7. What do the stripes on the flag mean? 8. How many states are there in the Union? 9. What is the 4th of July? 10. What is the date of Independence Day? 11. Independence from whom? 12. What country did we fight during the Revolutionary War? 13. Who was the first President of the United States? 14. Who is the President of the United States today? 15. Who is the vice-president of the United States today? 16. Who elects the President of the United States? 17. Who becomes President of the United States if the President should die? 18. For how long do we elect the President? 19. What is the Constitution? 20. Can the Constitution be changed? 21. What do we call a change to the Constitution? 22. How many changes or amendments are there to the Constitution? 23. How many branches are there in our government? 24. What are the three branches of our government? 25. What is the legislative branch of our government? 26. Who makes the laws in the United States? 27. What is the Congress? 28. What are the duties of Congress? 29. Who elects the Congress? 30. How many senators are there in Congress? 31. Can you name the two senators from your state? 32. For how long do we elect each senator? 33. How many representatives are there in Congress? 34. For how long do we elect the representatives? 35. What is the executive branch of our government? 36. What is the judiciary branch of our government? 37. What are the duties of the Supreme Court? 38. What is the supreme court law of the United States? 39. What is the Bill of Rights? 40. What is the capital of your state? 41. Who is the current governor of your state? 42. Who becomes President of the United States if the President and the vice-president should die? 43. Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? 44. Can you name thirteen original states? 45. Who said, "Give me liberty or give me death."? 46. Which countries were our enemies during World War II? 47. What are the 49th and 50th states of the Union? 48. How many terms can the President serve? 49. Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.? 50. Who is the head of your local government? 51. According to the Constitution, a person must meet certain requirements in order to be eligible to become President. Name one of these requirements. 52. Why are there 100 Senators in the Senate? 53. Who selects the Supreme Court justice? 54. How many Supreme Court justice are there? 55. Why did the Pilgrims come to America? 56. What is the head executive of a state government called? 57. What is the head executive of a city government called? 58. What holiday was celebrated for the first time by the Americans colonists? 59. Who was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence? 60. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? 61. What is the basic belief of the Declaration of Independence? 62. What is the national anthem of the United States? 63. Who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner? 64. Where does freedom of speech come from? 65. What is a minimum voting age in the United States? 66. Who signs bills into law? 67. What is the highest court in the United States? 68. Who was the President during the Civil War? 69. What did the Emancipation Declaration do? 70. What special group advises the President? 71. Which President is called the "Father of our country"? 72. What Immigration and Naturalization Service form is used to apply to become a naturalized citizen? 73. Who helped the Pilgrims in America? 74. What is the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America? 75. What are the 13 original states of the U.S. called? 76. Name 3 rights of freedom guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. 77. Who has the power to declare the war? 78. What kind of government does the United States have? 79. Which President freed the slaves? 80. In what year was the Constitution written? 81. What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called? 82. Name one purpose of the United Nations? 83. Where does Congress meet? 84. Whose rights are guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights? 85. What is the introduction to the Constitution called? 86. Name one benefit of being citizen of the United States. 87. What is the most important right granted to U.S. citizens? 88. What is the United States Capitol? 89. What is the White House? 90. Where is the White House located? 91. What is the name of the President's official home? 92. Name the right guaranteed by the first amendment. 93. Who is the Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? 94. Which President was the first Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? 95. In what month do we vote for the President? 96. In what month is the new President inaugurated? 97. How many times may a Senator be re-elected? 98. How many times may a Congressman be re-elected? 99. What are the 2 major political parties in the U.S. today? 100. How many states are there in the United States today? ________________________________________ 1. What are the colors of our flag? Red, White, and Blue. 2. How many stars are there in our flag? 50 3. What color are the stars on our flag? White. 4. What do the stars on the flag mean? One for each state in the Union. 5. How many stripes are there in the flag? 13 6. What color are the stripes? Red and White. 7. What do the stripes on the flag mean? They represent the original 13 states. 8. How many states are there in the Union? 50 9. What is the 4th of July? Independence Day. 10. What is the date of Independence Day? July 4th 11. Independence from whom? England 12. What country did we fight during the Revolutionary War? England 13. Who was the first President of the United States? George Washington 14. Who is the President of the United States today? Currently George W. Bush 15. Who is the vice-president of the United States today? Currently Richard B. ("Dick") Cheney 16. Who elects the President of the United States? The electoral college 17. Who becomes President of the United States if the President should die? Vice - President 18. For how long do we elect the President? Four years 19. What is the Constitution? The supreme law of the land 20. Can the Constitution be changed? Yes 21. What do we call a change to the Constitution? An Amendment 22. How many changes or amendments are there to the Constitution? 27 23. How many branches are there in our government? 3 24. What are the three branches of our government? Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary 25. What is the legislative branch of our government? Congress 26. Who makes the laws in the United States? Congress 27. What is the Congress? The Senate and the House of Representatives 28. What are the duties of Congress? To make laws 29. Who elects the Congress? The people 30. How many senators are there in Congress? 100 31. Can you name the two senators from your state? (insert local information) 32. For how long do we elect each senator? 6 years 33. How many representatives are there in Congress? 435 34. For how long do we elect the representatives? 2 years 35. What is the executive branch of our government? The President, vice president, cabinet, and departments under the cabinet members 36. What is the judiciary branch of our government? The Supreme Court 37. What are the duties of the Supreme Court? To interpret laws 38. What is the supreme court law of the United States? The Constitution 39. What is the Bill of Rights? The first 10 amendments of the Constitution 40. What is the capital of your state? (insert local information) 41. Who is the current governor of your state? (insert local information) 42. Who becomes President of the United States if the President and the vice-president should die? Speaker of the House of Representative 43. Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? William Rehnquist (or whoever is next) 44. Can you name thirteen original states? Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island, and Maryland. 45. Who said, "Give me liberty or give me death."? Patrick Henry 46. Which countries were our enemies during World War II? Germany, Italy, and Japan 47. What are the 49th and 50th states of the Union? Hawaii and Alaska 48. How many terms can the President serve? 2 49. Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.? A civil rights leader 50. Who is the head of your local government? (insert local information) 51. According to the Constitution, a person must meet certain requirements in order to be eligible to become President. Name one of these requirements. Must be a natural born citizen of the United States; must be at least 35 years old by the time he/she will serve; must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years. 52. Why are there 100 Senators in the Senate? Two (2) from each state 53. Who selects the Supreme Court justice? Appointed by the President 54. How many Supreme Court justice are there? Nine (9) 55. Why did the Pilgrims come to America? For religious freedom 56. What is the head executive of a state government called? Governor 57. What is the head executive of a city government called? Mayor 58. What holiday was celebrated for the first time by the Americans colonists? Thanksgiving 59. Who was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson 60. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? July 4, 1776 61. What is the basic belief of the Declaration of Independence? That all men are created equal 62. What is the national anthem of the United States? The Star-Spangled Banner 63. Who wrote the Star-Spangled Banner? Francis Scott Key 64. Where does freedom of speech come from? The Bill of Rights 65. What is a minimum voting age in the United States? Eighteen (18) 66. Who signs bills into law? The President 67. What is the highest court in the United States? The Supreme Court 68. Who was the President during the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln 69. What did the Emancipation Declaration do? Freed many slaves 70. What special group advises the President? The Cabinet 71. Which President is called the "Father of our country"? George Washington 72. What Immigration and Naturalization Service form is used to apply to become a naturalized citizen? Form N-400, Application to File Petition for Naturalization 73. Who helped the Pilgrims in America? The American-Indians (Native Americans) 74. What is the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America? The Mayflower 75. What are the 13 original states of the U.S. called? Colonies 76. Name 3 rights of freedom guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. The right of freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and requesting change of government. The right to bear arms (the right to have weapons or own a gun, though subject to certain regulations). The government may not quarter, or house, soldiers in the people's homes during peacetime without the people's consent. The government may not search or take a person's property without a warrant. A person may not be tried twice for the same crime and does not have to testify against him/herself. A person charged with a crime still has some rights, such as the right to a trial and to have a lawyer. The right to trial by jury in most cases. Protects people against excessive or unreasonable fines or cruel and unusual punishment. The people have rights other than those mentioned in the Constitution. Any power not given to the federal government by the Constitution is a power of either the state or the people. 77. Who has the power to declare the war? The Congress 78. What kind of government does the United States have? Democracy 79. Which President freed the slaves? Abraham Lincoln 80. In what year was the Constitution written? 1787 81. What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called? The Bill of Rights 82. Name one purpose of the United Nations? For countries to discuss and try to resolve world problems, to provide economic aid to many countries. 83. Where does Congress meet? In the Capitol in Washington, D.C. 84. Whose rights are guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights? Everyone (citizens and non-citizens) living in U.S. 85. What is the introduction to the Constitution called? The Preamble 86. Name one benefit of being citizen of the United States. Obtain federal government jobs, travel with U.S. passport, petition for close relatives to come to the U.S. to live. 87. What is the most important right granted to U.S. citizens? The right to vote 88. What is the United States Capitol? The place where Congress meets 89. What is the White House? The President's official home 90. Where is the White House located? Washington, D.C. (1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.) 91. What is the name of the President's official home? The White House 92. Name the right guaranteed by the first amendment. Freedom of: speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and requesting change of the government. 93. Who is the Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? The President 94. Which President was the first Commander in Chief of the U.S. military? George Washington 95. In what month do we vote for the President? November 96. In what month is the new President inaugurated? January 97. How many times may a Senator be re-elected? There is no limit 98. How many times may a Congressman be re-elected? There is no limit 99. What are the 2 major political parties in the U.S. today? Democratic and Republican 100. How many states are there in the United States today? Fifty (50) New Naturalization Test Questions Beginning on Oct. 1, 2008, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will replace the set of questions currently used as part of the citizenship test with the questions listed here. All applicants who file for naturalization on or after October 1, 2008 will be required to take the new test. For those applicants who file prior to October 1, 2008 but are not interviewed until after October , 2008 (but before October 1, 2009), there will be an option of taking the new test or the current one. New Test Questions and Answers Some questions have more than one correct answer. In those cases, all acceptable answers are shown. All answers are shown exactly as worded by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. AMERICAN GOVERNMENT A. Principles of American Democracy 1. What is the supreme law of the land? A: The Constitution 2. What does the Constitution do? A: sets up the government A: defines the government A: protects basic rights of Americans 3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? A: We the People 4. What is an amendment? A: a change (to the Constitution) A: an addition (to the Constitution) 5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? A: The Bill of Rights 6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?* A: speech A: religion A: assembly A: press A: petition the government 7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? A: twenty-seven (27) 8. What did the Declaration of Independence do? A: announced our independence (from Great Britain) A: declared our independence (from Great Britain) A: said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) 9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? A: life A: liberty A: pursuit of happiness 10. What is freedom of religion? A: You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. 11. What is the economic system in the United States?* A: capitalist economy A: market economy 12. What is the "rule of law"? A: Everyone must follow the law. A: Leaders must obey the law. A: Government must obey the law. A: No one is above the law. B. System of Government 13. Name one branch or part of the government.* A: Congress A: legislative A: President A: executive A: the courts A: judicial 14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? A: checks and balances A: separation of powers 15. Who is in charge of the executive branch? A: the President 16. Who makes federal laws? A: Congress A: Senate and House (of Representatives) A: (U.S. or national) legislature 17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?* A: the Senate and House (of Representatives) 18. How many U.S. Senators are there? A: one hundred (100) 19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? A: six (6) 20. Who is one of your state's U.S. Senators?* A: Answers will vary. [For District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories, the answer is that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. Senators.] * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? A: four hundred thirty-five (435) 22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? A: two (2) 23. Name your U.S. Representative. A: Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) Representatives in Congress.] 24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? A: all people of the state 25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? A: (because of) the state's population A: (because) they have more people A: (because) some states have more people 26. We elect a President for how many years? A: four (4) 27. In what month do we vote for President?* A: November 28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?* A: George W. Bush A: George Bush A: Bush 29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? A: Richard Cheney A: Dick Cheney A: Cheney 30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President? A: the Vice President 31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? A: the Speaker of the House 32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? A: the President 33. Who signs bills to become laws? A: the President 34. Who vetoes bills? A: the President 35. What does the President's Cabinet do? A: advises the President 36. What are two Cabinet-level positions? A: Secretary of Agriculture A: Secretary of Commerce A: Secretary of Defense A: Secretary of Education A: Secretary of Energy A: Secretary of Health and Human Services A: Secretary of Homeland Security A: Secretary of Housing and Urban Development A: Secretary of Interior A: Secretary of State A: Secretary of Transportation A: Secretary of Treasury A: Secretary of Veterans' Affairs A: Secretary of Labor A: Attorney General 37. does the judicial branch do? A: reviews laws A: explains laws A: resolves disputes (disagreements) A: decides if a law goes against the Constitution 38. What is the highest court in the United States? A: the Supreme Court 39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? A: nine (9) 40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States? A: John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.) * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? A: to print money A: to declare war A: to create an army A: to make treaties 42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? A: provide schooling and education A: provide protection (police) A: provide safety (fire departments) A: give a driver's license A: approve zoning and land use 43. Who is the Governor of your state? A: Answers will vary. [Residents of the District of Columbia and U.S. territories without a Governor should say "we don't have a Governor."] 44. What is the capital of your state?* A: Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.] 45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?* A: Democratic and Republican 46. What is the political party of the President now? A: Republican (Party) 47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? A: (Nancy) Pelosi C: Rights and Responsibilities 48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. A: Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote). A: You don't have to pay (a poll tax) to vote. A: Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.) A: A male citizen of any race (can vote). 49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?* A: serve on a jury A: vote 50. What are two rights only for United States citizens? A: apply for a federal job A: vote A: run for office A: carry a U.S. passport 51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? A: freedom of expression A: freedom of speech A: freedom of assembly A: freedom to petition the government A: freedom of worship A: the right to bear arms 52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? A: the United States A: the flag 53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? A: give up loyalty to other countries A: defend the Constitution and laws of the United States A: obey the laws of the United States A: serve in the U.S. military (if needed) A: serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) A: be loyal to the United States 54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?* A: eighteen (18) and older 55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? A: vote A: join a political party A: help with a campaign A: join a civic group A: join a community group A: give an elected official your opinion on an issue A: call Senators and Representatives A: publicly support or oppose an issue or policy A: run for office A: write to a newspaper 56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?* A: April 15 57. When must all men register for the Selective Service? A: at age eighteen (18) A: between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26) AMERICAN HISTORY A: Colonial Period and Independence 58. What is one reason colonists came to America? A: freedom A: political liberty A: religious freedom A: economic opportunity A: practice their religion A: escape persecution 59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? A: Native Americans A: American Indians 60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? A: Africans A: people from Africa * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 61. Why did the colonists fight the British? A: because of high taxes (taxation without representation) A: because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering) A: because they didn't have self-government 62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? A: (Thomas) Jefferson 63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? A: July 4, 1776 64. There were 13 original states. Name three. A: New Hampshire A: Massachusetts A: Rhode Island A: Connecticut A: New York A: New Jersey A: Pennsylvania A: Delaware A: Maryland A: Virginia A: North Carolina A: South Carolina A: Georgia 65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention? A: The Constitution was written. A: The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution. 66. When was the Constitution written? A: 1787 67. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. A: (James) Madison A: (Alexander) Hamilton A: (John) Jay A: Publius 68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? A: U.S. diplomat A: oldest member of the Constitutional Convention A: first Postmaster General of the United States A: writer of "Poor Richard's Almanac" A: started the first free libraries 69. Who is the "Father of Our Country"? A: (George) Washington 70. Who was the first President?* A: (George) Washington B: 1800s 71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? A: the Louisiana Territory A: Louisiana 72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. A: War of 1812 A: Mexican-American War A: Civil War A: Spanish-American War 73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. A: the Civil War A: the War between the States 74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War. A: slavery A: economic reasons A: states' rights 75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?* A: freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation) A: saved (or preserved) the Union A: led the United States during the Civil War 76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? A: freed the slaves A: freed slaves in the Confederacy A: freed slaves in the Confederate states A: freed slaves in most Southern states 77. What did Susan B. Anthony do? A: fought for women's rights A: fought for civil rights C: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information 78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.* A: World War I A: World War II A: Korean War A: Vietnam War A: (Persian) Gulf War 79. Who was President during World War I? A: (Woodrow) Wilson 80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? A: (Franklin) Roosevelt * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 81. Who did the United States fight in World War II? A: Japan, Germany and Italy 82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? A: World War II 83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States? A: Communism 84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination? A: civil rights (movement) 85. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do?* A: fought for civil rights A: worked for equality for all Americans 86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States? A: Terrorists attacked the United States. 87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. [Adjudicators will be supplied with a complete list.] A: Cherokee A: Navajo A: Sioux A: Chippewa A: Choctaw A: Pueblo A: Apache A: Iroquois A: Creek A: Blackfeet A: Seminole A: Cheyenne A: Arawak A: Shawnee A: Mohegan A: Huron A: Oneida A: Lakota A: Crow A: Teton A: Hopi A: Inuit INTEGRATED CIVICS A: Geography 88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. A: Missouri (River) A: Mississippi (River) 89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States? A: Pacific (Ocean) 90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States? A: Atlantic (Ocean) 91. Name one U.S. territory. A: Puerto Rico A: U.S. Virgin Islands A: American Samoa A: Northern Mariana Islands A: Guam 92. Name one state that borders Canada. A: Maine A: New Hampshire A: Vermont A: New York A: Pennsylvania A: Ohio A: Michigan A: Minnesota A: North Dakota A: Montana A: Idaho A: Washington A: Alaska 93. Name one state that borders Mexico. A: California A: Arizona A: New Mexico A: Texas 94. What is the capital of the United States?* A: Washington, D.C. 95. Where is the Statue of Liberty?* A: New York (Harbor) A: Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).] B. Symbols 96. Why does the flag have 13 stripes? A: because there were 13 original colonies A: because the stripes represent the original colonies 97. Why does the flag have 50 stars?* A: because there is one star for each state A: because each star represents a state A: because there are 50 states 98. What is the name of the national anthem? A: The Star-Spangled Banner C: Holidays 99. When do we celebrate Independence Day?* A: July 4 100. Name two national U.S. holidays. A: New Year's Day A: Martin Luther King, Jr., Day A: Presidents' Day A: Memorial Day A: Independence Day A: Labor Day A: Columbus Day A: Veterans Day A: Thanksgiving A: Christmas
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